{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":262,"views":172215,"title":"Uso de Extractos de Algas (Ascophyllum nodosum) como bioestimulantes en Agricultura","fb_title":"","link":"uso-de-extractos-de-ascophyllum-nodosum","desc":"Entre los extractos de algas más utilizados e investigados se encuentra la especie Ascophyllum nodosum, una alga parda cuyos extractos han demostrado ser activos biológicamente. Algunos de los usos de extractos de esta alga se tratan a continuación. Los ingredientes activos que contiene el extracto de Ascophyllum nodosum y que permiten entender su comportamiento y efecto en la planta son: betaínas, manitol, ácido algínico, polifenoles, fucanos y laminarina.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art273-uso-de-algas\/Algas-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":",4,","keywords":"ascophyllum nodosum, alga marina en agricultura, aminoácidos, Bioestimulantes,hormonas,fitohormonas,betaínas,manitol,algínico,polifenoles","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Nutricion Vegetal\/60. Uso extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum.pdf","text":"
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Numerosos estudios han demostrado los beneficios de las aplicaciones de extractos de algas en las plantas, tales mejoras se aprecian en la germinación, aumento en rendimiento, resistencia al estrés biótico y abiótico, mayor vida de anaquel de productos perecederos, entre otros. Los beneficios de las algas observados en el crecimiento, la sanidad  y el rendimiento de los cultivos se ha atribuido a: 1) el suministro de nutrientes esenciales por la degradación de la materia orgánica y 2) a la mejora de las características del suelo. Las algas son especies con elevado contenido en fibra, macro y microelementos, aminoácidos, vitaminas y fitohormonas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Entre los extractos de algas más utilizados e investigados se encuentra la especie Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em>, una alga parda cuyos extractos han demostrado ser activos biológicamente. Algunos de los usos de extractos de esta alga se tratan a continuación.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 1. Ascophyllum nodosum, una alga con uso potencial para la agricultura.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em><\/strong> como bioestimulante<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Los extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> son utilizados como bioestimulantes, pues incentivan a la planta a producir sus propias hormonas, contribuyen en la absorción y translocación de nutrientes presentes en el suelo. Lo anterior trae beneficios como el aumento del crecimiento de la planta, rápida germinación de las semillas, retraso de la senescencia, incremento en la resistencia a enfermedades fúngicas y bacterianas, adaptación a condiciones de estrés, entre otros. Los ingredientes activos que contiene el extracto de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> y que permiten entender su comportamiento y efecto en la planta son: betaínas, manitol, ácido algínico, polifenoles, fucanos y laminarina.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Beneficios y efectos sobre el suelo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Estos productos también afectan las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo, favoreciendo el crecimiento de los cultivos. Mejora la capacidad de retención de humedad por su alto contenido en fibra y promueve la actividad de microorganismos benéficos del suelo. Estas algas pardas son ricas en poliurónides como los alginatos y el fucano, donde los agentes gelificantes y quelatantes de estos polisacáridos junto con sus propiedades hidrofílicas hacen estos compuestos importantes en el sector agrícola.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Por ejemplo, los extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> contienen varias betaínas que sirven como solutos en las plantas para la tolerancia al estrés abiótico como la salinidad y la sequía. El beneficio de la aplicación de los extractos de algas se debe entender como un efecto sinérgico de todos los componentes, no pudiendo aislar el efecto de cada uno de los ingredientes activos (Cuadro 1). <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"Tabla\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n
 <\/div>\r\n\r\n
\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 2. Representación esquemática de los efectos fisiológicos provocados por extractos de algas y posibles mecanismos de la bio-actividad.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Fuente: Khan et al., 2009. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Métodos de aplicación<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

De acuerdo a sus presentaciones comerciales, el extracto de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> puede aplicarse vía foliar, vía suelo, ambas o en tratamiento a la semilla. Para el caso de vía suelo se puede incorporar en el riego, en fertirriego o en el riego por surcos. Además, se puede aplicar ilimitadamente con otros productos foliares o de aplicación al suelo, siempre cuidando que exista un equilibrio hormonal, por lo que resulta importante planificar las estrategias en términos de tiempo y frecuencia en que se aplica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En síntesis, el uso de extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> en la agricultura es  una realidad y una promesa. Una realidad, porque sus efectos resultan evidentes cuando se prueban; y una promesa porque en la medida que esta práctica se extienda irán disminuyendo los costos de producción, y en un futuro sustituirá el uso de los productos químicos sintéticos por orgánicos, favoreciendo una agricultura sostenible.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Fuentes consultadas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Norrie, J.; Neyli, W. 2015. Extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum en la Producción Agrícola. Horticultivos. México.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Khan, W.; Rayirath, U. P.; Subramanian, S.; Jithesh, Mundaya. N.; Rayorath, P.; Hodges, D. M.; Critchley, A. T.; Craigie, J. S.; Norrie, J.; Prithiviraj, B. 2009. Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

and Development. Springer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-07-02 18:02:52","updated":"2018-05-21 17:58:57","published":"2016-07-04 13:05:26","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. Dominicana","iso2":"do","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":23,"name":"Surinam","iso2":"sr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":24,"name":"Uruguay","iso2":"uy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":25,"name":"Venezuela","iso2":"ve","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":26,"name":"Brasil","iso2":"br","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":27,"name":"España","iso2":"es","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":28,"name":"Australia","iso2":"au","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":29,"name":"Bahamas","iso2":"bs","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":30,"name":"Camerún","iso2":"cm","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":31,"name":"Italia","iso2":"it","badge":"USD","conversion":19}],"provinces":[{"province_ID":1,"country_ID":1,"name":"Buenos Aires"},{"province_ID":2,"country_ID":1,"name":"Buenos Aires Capital"},{"province_ID":3,"country_ID":1,"name":"Catamarca"},{"province_ID":4,"country_ID":1,"name":"Chaco"},{"province_ID":5,"country_ID":1,"name":"Chubut"},{"province_ID":6,"country_ID":1,"name":"Cordoba"},{"province_ID":7,"country_ID":1,"name":"Corrientes"},{"province_ID":8,"country_ID":1,"name":"Entre Rios"},{"province_ID":9,"country_ID":1,"name":"Formosa"},{"province_ID":10,"country_ID":1,"name":"Jujuy"},{"province_ID":11,"country_ID":1,"name":"La Pampa"},{"province_ID":12,"country_ID":1,"name":"La Rioja"},{"province_ID":13,"country_ID":1,"name":"Mendoza"},{"province_ID":14,"country_ID":1,"name":"Misiones"},{"province_ID":15,"country_ID":1,"name":"Neuquen"},{"province_ID":16,"country_ID":1,"name":"Rio Negro"},{"province_ID":17,"country_ID":1,"name":"Salta"},{"province_ID":18,"country_ID":1,"name":"San Juan"},{"province_ID":19,"country_ID":1,"name":"San Luis"},{"province_ID":20,"country_ID":1,"name":"Santa Cruz"},{"province_ID":21,"country_ID":1,"name":"Santa Fe"},{"province_ID":22,"country_ID":1,"name":"Santiago del Estero"},{"province_ID":23,"country_ID":1,"name":"Tierra del Fuego"},{"province_ID":24,"country_ID":1,"name":"Tucuman"},{"province_ID":25,"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice"},{"province_ID":26,"country_ID":2,"name":"Cayo"},{"province_ID":27,"country_ID":2,"name":"Corozal"},{"province_ID":28,"country_ID":2,"name":"Orange Walk"},{"province_ID":29,"country_ID":2,"name":"Stann Creek"},{"province_ID":30,"country_ID":2,"name":"Toledo"},{"province_ID":31,"country_ID":3,"name":"Chuquisaca"},{"province_ID":32,"country_ID":3,"name":"Cochabamba"},{"province_ID":33,"country_ID":3,"name":"Beni"},{"province_ID":34,"country_ID":3,"name":"La Paz"},{"province_ID":35,"country_ID":3,"name":"Oruro"},{"province_ID":36,"country_ID":3,"name":"Pando"},{"province_ID":37,"country_ID":3,"name":"Potosi"},{"province_ID":38,"country_ID":3,"name":"Santa Cruz"},{"province_ID":39,"country_ID":3,"name":"Tarija"},{"province_ID":40,"country_ID":4,"name":"Alberta"},{"province_ID":41,"country_ID":4,"name":"British Columbia"},{"province_ID":42,"country_ID":4,"name":"Manitoba"},{"province_ID":43,"country_ID":4,"name":"New Brunswick"},{"province_ID":44,"country_ID":4,"name":"Newfoundland and Labrador"},{"province_ID":45,"country_ID":4,"name":"Nova Scotia"},{"province_ID":46,"country_ID":4,"name":"Ontario"},{"province_ID":47,"country_ID":4,"name":"Prince Edward Island"},{"province_ID":48,"country_ID":4,"name":"Quebec"},{"province_ID":49,"country_ID":4,"name":"Saskatchewan"},{"province_ID":50,"country_ID":4,"name":"Northwest Territories"},{"province_ID":51,"country_ID":4,"name":"Nunavut"},{"province_ID":52,"country_ID":4,"name":"Yukon"},{"province_ID":53,"country_ID":5,"name":"Aysen"},{"province_ID":54,"country_ID":5,"name":"Antofagasta"},{"province_ID":55,"country_ID":5,"name":"Araucania"},{"province_ID":56,"country_ID":5,"name":"Atacama"},{"province_ID":57,"country_ID":5,"name":"Bio-Bio"},{"province_ID":58,"country_ID":5,"name":"Coquimbo"},{"province_ID":59,"country_ID":5,"name":"O'Higgins"},{"province_ID":60,"country_ID":5,"name":"Los Lagos"},{"province_ID":61,"country_ID":5,"name":"Magallanes y la Antartica Chilena"},{"province_ID":62,"country_ID":5,"name":"Maule"},{"province_ID":63,"country_ID":5,"name":"Santiago Region Metropolitana"},{"province_ID":64,"country_ID":5,"name":"Tarapaca"},{"province_ID":65,"country_ID":5,"name":"Valparaiso"},{"province_ID":66,"country_ID":6,"name":"Amazonas"},{"province_ID":67,"country_ID":6,"name":"Antioquia"},{"province_ID":68,"country_ID":6,"name":"Arauca"},{"province_ID":69,"country_ID":6,"name":"Atlantico"},{"province_ID":70,"country_ID":6,"name":"Bogota District Capital"},{"province_ID":71,"country_ID":6,"name":"Bolivar"},{"province_ID":72,"country_ID":6,"name":"Boyaca"},{"province_ID":73,"country_ID":6,"name":"Caldas"},{"province_ID":74,"country_ID":6,"name":"Caqueta"},{"province_ID":75,"country_ID":6,"name":"Casanare"},{"province_ID":76,"country_ID":6,"name":"Cauca"},{"province_ID":77,"country_ID":6,"name":"Cesar"},{"province_ID":78,"country_ID":6,"name":"Choco"},{"province_ID":79,"country_ID":6,"name":"Cordoba"},{"province_ID":80,"country_ID":6,"name":"Cundinamarca"},{"province_ID":81,"country_ID":6,"name":"Guainia"},{"province_ID":82,"country_ID":6,"name":"Guaviare"},{"province_ID":83,"country_ID":6,"name":"Huila"},{"province_ID":84,"country_ID":6,"name":"La Guajira"},{"province_ID":85,"country_ID":6,"name":"Magdalena"},{"province_ID":86,"country_ID":6,"name":"Meta"},{"province_ID":87,"country_ID":6,"name":"Narino"},{"province_ID":88,"country_ID":6,"name":"Norte de Santander"},{"province_ID":89,"country_ID":6,"name":"Putumayo"},{"province_ID":90,"country_ID":6,"name":"Quindio"},{"province_ID":91,"country_ID":6,"name":"Risaralda"},{"province_ID":92,"country_ID":6,"name":"San Andres & Providencia"},{"province_ID":93,"country_ID":6,"name":"Santander"},{"province_ID":94,"country_ID":6,"name":"Sucre"},{"province_ID":95,"country_ID":6,"name":"Tolima"},{"province_ID":96,"country_ID":6,"name":"Valle del Cauca"},{"province_ID":97,"country_ID":6,"name":"Vaupes"},{"province_ID":98,"country_ID":6,"name":"Vichada"},{"province_ID":99,"country_ID":7,"name":"Alajuela"},{"province_ID":100,"country_ID":7,"name":"Cartago"},{"province_ID":101,"country_ID":7,"name":"Guanacaste"},{"province_ID":102,"country_ID":7,"name":"Heredia"},{"province_ID":103,"country_ID":7,"name":"Limon"},{"province_ID":104,"country_ID":7,"name":"Puntarenas"},{"province_ID":105,"country_ID":7,"name":"San Jose"},{"province_ID":106,"country_ID":8,"name":"Camaguey"},{"province_ID":107,"country_ID":8,"name":"Ciego de Avila"},{"province_ID":108,"country_ID":8,"name":"Cienfuegos"},{"province_ID":109,"country_ID":8,"name":"Ciudad de La Habana"},{"province_ID":110,"country_ID":8,"name":"Granma"},{"province_ID":111,"country_ID":8,"name":"Guantanamo"},{"province_ID":112,"country_ID":8,"name":"Holguin"},{"province_ID":113,"country_ID":8,"name":"Isla de la Juventud"},{"province_ID":114,"country_ID":8,"name":"La Habana"},{"province_ID":115,"country_ID":8,"name":"Las Tunas"},{"province_ID":116,"country_ID":8,"name":"Matanzas"},{"province_ID":117,"country_ID":8,"name":"Pinar del Rio"},{"province_ID":118,"country_ID":8,"name":"Sancti Spiritus"},{"province_ID":119,"country_ID":8,"name":"Santiago de Cuba"},{"province_ID":120,"country_ID":8,"name":"Villa Clara"},{"province_ID":121,"country_ID":9,"name":"Azuay"},{"province_ID":122,"country_ID":9,"name":"Bolivar"},{"province_ID":123,"country_ID":9,"name":"Canar"},{"province_ID":124,"country_ID":9,"name":"Carchi"},{"province_ID":125,"country_ID":9,"name":"Chimborazo"},{"province_ID":126,"country_ID":9,"name":"Cotopaxi"},{"province_ID":127,"country_ID":9,"name":"El Oro"},{"province_ID":128,"country_ID":9,"name":"Esmeraldas"},{"province_ID":129,"country_ID":9,"name":"Galapagos"},{"province_ID":130,"country_ID":9,"name":"Guayas"},{"province_ID":131,"country_ID":9,"name":"Imbabura"},{"province_ID":132,"country_ID":9,"name":"Loja"},{"province_ID":133,"country_ID":9,"name":"Los Rios"},{"province_ID":134,"country_ID":9,"name":"Manabi"},{"province_ID":135,"country_ID":9,"name":"Morona-Santiago"},{"province_ID":136,"country_ID":9,"name":"Napo"},{"province_ID":137,"country_ID":9,"name":"Orellana"},{"province_ID":138,"country_ID":9,"name":"Pastaza"},{"province_ID":139,"country_ID":9,"name":"Pichincha"},{"province_ID":140,"country_ID":9,"name":"Sucumbios"},{"province_ID":141,"country_ID":9,"name":"Tungurahua"},{"province_ID":142,"country_ID":9,"name":"Zamora-Chinchipe"},{"province_ID":143,"country_ID":10,"name":"Ahuachapan"},{"province_ID":144,"country_ID":10,"name":"Cabanas"},{"province_ID":145,"country_ID":10,"name":"Chalatenango"},{"province_ID":146,"country_ID":10,"name":"Cuscatlan"},{"province_ID":147,"country_ID":10,"name":"La Libertad"},{"province_ID":148,"country_ID":10,"name":"La Paz"},{"province_ID":149,"country_ID":10,"name":"La Union"},{"province_ID":150,"country_ID":10,"name":"Morazan"},{"province_ID":151,"country_ID":10,"name":"San Miguel"},{"province_ID":152,"country_ID":10,"name":"San Salvador"},{"province_ID":153,"country_ID":10,"name":"Santa Ana"},{"province_ID":154,"country_ID":10,"name":"San Vicente"},{"province_ID":155,"country_ID":10,"name":"Sonsonate"},{"province_ID":156,"country_ID":10,"name":"Usulutan"},{"province_ID":157,"country_ID":11,"name":"Alabama"},{"province_ID":158,"country_ID":11,"name":"Alaska"},{"province_ID":159,"country_ID":11,"name":"Arizona"},{"province_ID":160,"country_ID":11,"name":"Arkansas"},{"province_ID":161,"country_ID":11,"name":"California"},{"province_ID":162,"country_ID":11,"name":"Colorado"},{"province_ID":163,"country_ID":11,"name":"Connecticut"},{"province_ID":164,"country_ID":11,"name":"Delaware"},{"province_ID":165,"country_ID":11,"name":"District of Columbia"},{"province_ID":166,"country_ID":11,"name":"Florida"},{"province_ID":167,"country_ID":11,"name":"Georgia"},{"province_ID":168,"country_ID":11,"name":"Hawaii"},{"province_ID":169,"country_ID":11,"name":"Idaho"},{"province_ID":170,"country_ID":11,"name":"Illinois"},{"province_ID":171,"country_ID":11,"name":"Indiana"},{"province_ID":172,"country_ID":11,"name":"Iowa"},{"province_ID":173,"country_ID":11,"name":"Kansas"},{"province_ID":174,"country_ID":11,"name":"Kentucky"},{"province_ID":175,"country_ID":11,"name":"Louisiana"},{"province_ID":176,"country_ID":11,"name":"Maine"},{"province_ID":177,"country_ID":11,"name":"Maryland"},{"province_ID":178,"country_ID":11,"name":"Massachusetts"},{"province_ID":179,"country_ID":11,"name":"Michigan"},{"province_ID":180,"country_ID":11,"name":"Minnesota"},{"province_ID":181,"country_ID":11,"name":"Mississippi"},{"province_ID":182,"country_ID":11,"name":"Missouri"},{"province_ID":183,"country_ID":11,"name":"Montana"},{"province_ID":184,"country_ID":11,"name":"Nebraska"},{"province_ID":185,"country_ID":11,"name":"Nevada"},{"province_ID":186,"country_ID":11,"name":"New Hampshire"},{"province_ID":187,"country_ID":11,"name":"New Jersey"},{"province_ID":188,"country_ID":11,"name":"New Mexico"},{"province_ID":189,"country_ID":11,"name":"New York"},{"province_ID":190,"country_ID":11,"name":"North Carolina"},{"province_ID":191,"country_ID":11,"name":"North Dakota"},{"province_ID":192,"country_ID":11,"name":"Ohio"},{"province_ID":193,"country_ID":11,"name":"Oklahoma"},{"province_ID":194,"country_ID":11,"name":"Oregon"},{"province_ID":195,"country_ID":11,"name":"Pennsylvania"},{"province_ID":196,"country_ID":11,"name":"Rhode Island"},{"province_ID":197,"country_ID":11,"name":"South Carolina"},{"province_ID":198,"country_ID":11,"name":"South Dakota"},{"province_ID":199,"country_ID":11,"name":"Tennessee"},{"province_ID":200,"country_ID":11,"name":"Texas"},{"province_ID":201,"country_ID":11,"name":"Utah"},{"province_ID":202,"country_ID":11,"name":"Vermont"},{"province_ID":203,"country_ID":11,"name":"Virginia"},{"province_ID":204,"country_ID":11,"name":"Washington"},{"province_ID":205,"country_ID":11,"name":"West Virginia"},{"province_ID":206,"country_ID":11,"name":"Wisconsin"},{"province_ID":207,"country_ID":11,"name":"Wyoming"},{"province_ID":208,"country_ID":12,"name":"Alta Verapaz"},{"province_ID":209,"country_ID":12,"name":"Baja Verapaz"},{"province_ID":210,"country_ID":12,"name":"Chimaltenango"},{"province_ID":211,"country_ID":12,"name":"Chiquimula"},{"province_ID":212,"country_ID":12,"name":"El Progreso"},{"province_ID":213,"country_ID":12,"name":"Escuintla"},{"province_ID":214,"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala"},{"province_ID":215,"country_ID":12,"name":"Huehuetenango"},{"province_ID":216,"country_ID":12,"name":"Izabal"},{"province_ID":217,"country_ID":12,"name":"Jalapa"},{"province_ID":218,"country_ID":12,"name":"Jutiapa"},{"province_ID":219,"country_ID":12,"name":"Peten"},{"province_ID":220,"country_ID":12,"name":"Quetzaltenango"},{"province_ID":221,"country_ID":12,"name":"Quiche"},{"province_ID":222,"country_ID":12,"name":"Retalhuleu"},{"province_ID":223,"country_ID":12,"name":"Sacatepequez"},{"province_ID":224,"country_ID":12,"name":"San Marcos"},{"province_ID":225,"country_ID":12,"name":"Santa Rosa"},{"province_ID":226,"country_ID":12,"name":"Solola"},{"province_ID":227,"country_ID":12,"name":"Suchitepequez"},{"province_ID":228,"country_ID":12,"name":"Totonicapan"},{"province_ID":229,"country_ID":12,"name":"Zacapa"},{"province_ID":230,"country_ID":13,"name":"Barima-Waini"},{"province_ID":231,"country_ID":13,"name":"Cuyuni-Mazaruni"},{"province_ID":232,"country_ID":13,"name":"Demerara-Mahaica"},{"province_ID":233,"country_ID":13,"name":"East Berbice-Corentyne"},{"province_ID":234,"country_ID":13,"name":"Essequibo Islands-West Demerara"},{"province_ID":235,"country_ID":13,"name":"Mahaica-Berbice"},{"province_ID":236,"country_ID":13,"name":"Pomeroon-Supenaam"},{"province_ID":237,"country_ID":13,"name":"Potaro-Siparuni"},{"province_ID":238,"country_ID":13,"name":"Upper Demerara-Berbice"},{"province_ID":239,"country_ID":13,"name":"Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo"},{"province_ID":240,"country_ID":14,"name":"Distrito de Cayenne"},{"province_ID":241,"country_ID":14,"name":"Distrito de Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni"},{"province_ID":242,"country_ID":15,"name":"Atlantida"},{"province_ID":243,"country_ID":15,"name":"Choluteca"},{"province_ID":244,"country_ID":15,"name":"Colon"},{"province_ID":245,"country_ID":15,"name":"Comayagua"},{"province_ID":246,"country_ID":15,"name":"Copan"},{"province_ID":247,"country_ID":15,"name":"Cortes"},{"province_ID":248,"country_ID":15,"name":"El Paraiso"},{"province_ID":249,"country_ID":15,"name":"Francisco Morazan"},{"province_ID":250,"country_ID":15,"name":"Gracias a Dios"},{"province_ID":251,"country_ID":15,"name":"Intibuca"},{"province_ID":252,"country_ID":15,"name":"Islas de la Bahia"},{"province_ID":253,"country_ID":15,"name":"La Paz"},{"province_ID":254,"country_ID":15,"name":"Lempira"},{"province_ID":255,"country_ID":15,"name":"Ocotepeque"},{"province_ID":256,"country_ID":15,"name":"Olancho"},{"province_ID":257,"country_ID":15,"name":"Santa Barbara"},{"province_ID":258,"country_ID":15,"name":"Valle"},{"province_ID":259,"country_ID":15,"name":"Yoro"},{"province_ID":260,"country_ID":16,"name":"Aguascalientes"},{"province_ID":261,"country_ID":16,"name":"Baja California"},{"province_ID":262,"country_ID":16,"name":"Baja California Sur"},{"province_ID":263,"country_ID":16,"name":"Campeche"},{"province_ID":264,"country_ID":16,"name":"Chiapas"},{"province_ID":265,"country_ID":16,"name":"Chihuahua"},{"province_ID":266,"country_ID":16,"name":"Coahuila de Zaragoza"},{"province_ID":267,"country_ID":16,"name":"Colima"},{"province_ID":268,"country_ID":16,"name":"Distrito Federal"},{"province_ID":269,"country_ID":16,"name":"Durango"},{"province_ID":270,"country_ID":16,"name":"Guanajuato"},{"province_ID":271,"country_ID":16,"name":"Guerrero"},{"province_ID":272,"country_ID":16,"name":"Hidalgo"},{"province_ID":273,"country_ID":16,"name":"Jalisco"},{"province_ID":274,"country_ID":16,"name":"Mexico"},{"province_ID":275,"country_ID":16,"name":"Michoacan de Ocampo"},{"province_ID":276,"country_ID":16,"name":"Morelos"},{"province_ID":277,"country_ID":16,"name":"Nayarit"},{"province_ID":278,"country_ID":16,"name":"Nuevo Leon"},{"province_ID":279,"country_ID":16,"name":"Oaxaca"},{"province_ID":280,"country_ID":16,"name":"Puebla"},{"province_ID":281,"country_ID":16,"name":"Queretaro de Arteaga"},{"province_ID":282,"country_ID":16,"name":"Quintana Roo"},{"province_ID":283,"country_ID":16,"name":"San Luis Potosi"},{"province_ID":284,"country_ID":16,"name":"Sinaloa"},{"province_ID":285,"country_ID":16,"name":"Sonora"},{"province_ID":286,"country_ID":16,"name":"Tabasco"},{"province_ID":287,"country_ID":16,"name":"Tamaulipas"},{"province_ID":288,"country_ID":16,"name":"Tlaxcala"},{"province_ID":289,"country_ID":16,"name":"Veracruz-Llave"},{"province_ID":290,"country_ID":16,"name":"Yucatan"},{"province_ID":291,"country_ID":16,"name":"Zacatecas"},{"province_ID":292,"country_ID":17,"name":"Atlantico Norte"},{"province_ID":293,"country_ID":17,"name":"Atlantico Sur"},{"province_ID":294,"country_ID":17,"name":"Boaco"},{"province_ID":295,"country_ID":17,"name":"Carazo"},{"province_ID":296,"country_ID":17,"name":"Chinandega"},{"province_ID":297,"country_ID":17,"name":"Chontales"},{"province_ID":298,"country_ID":17,"name":"Esteli"},{"province_ID":299,"country_ID":17,"name":"Granada"},{"province_ID":300,"country_ID":17,"name":"Jinotega"},{"province_ID":301,"country_ID":17,"name":"Leon"},{"province_ID":302,"country_ID":17,"name":"Madriz"},{"province_ID":303,"country_ID":17,"name":"Managua"},{"province_ID":304,"country_ID":17,"name":"Masaya"},{"province_ID":305,"country_ID":17,"name":"Matagalpa"},{"province_ID":306,"country_ID":17,"name":"Nueva Segovia"},{"province_ID":307,"country_ID":17,"name":"Rio San Juan"},{"province_ID":308,"country_ID":17,"name":"Rivas"},{"province_ID":309,"country_ID":18,"name":"Bocas del Toro"},{"province_ID":310,"country_ID":18,"name":"Chiriqui"},{"province_ID":311,"country_ID":18,"name":"Cocle"},{"province_ID":312,"country_ID":18,"name":"Colon"},{"province_ID":313,"country_ID":18,"name":"Darien"},{"province_ID":314,"country_ID":18,"name":"Herrera"},{"province_ID":315,"country_ID":18,"name":"Los Santos"},{"province_ID":316,"country_ID":18,"name":"Panama"},{"province_ID":317,"country_ID":18,"name":"San Blas"},{"province_ID":318,"country_ID":18,"name":"Veraguas"},{"province_ID":319,"country_ID":19,"name":"Alto Paraguay"},{"province_ID":320,"country_ID":19,"name":"Alto Parana"},{"province_ID":321,"country_ID":19,"name":"Amambay"},{"province_ID":322,"country_ID":19,"name":"Asuncion"},{"province_ID":323,"country_ID":19,"name":"Boqueron"},{"province_ID":324,"country_ID":19,"name":"Caaguazu"},{"province_ID":325,"country_ID":19,"name":"Caazapa"},{"province_ID":326,"country_ID":19,"name":"Canindeyu"},{"province_ID":327,"country_ID":19,"name":"Central"},{"province_ID":328,"country_ID":19,"name":"Concepcion"},{"province_ID":329,"country_ID":19,"name":"Cordillera"},{"province_ID":330,"country_ID":19,"name":"Guaira"},{"province_ID":331,"country_ID":19,"name":"Itapua"},{"province_ID":332,"country_ID":19,"name":"Misiones"},{"province_ID":333,"country_ID":19,"name":"Neembucu"},{"province_ID":334,"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguari"},{"province_ID":335,"country_ID":19,"name":"Presidente Hayes"},{"province_ID":336,"country_ID":19,"name":"San Pedro"},{"province_ID":337,"country_ID":20,"name":"Amazonas"},{"province_ID":338,"country_ID":20,"name":"Ancash"},{"province_ID":339,"country_ID":20,"name":"Apurimac"},{"province_ID":340,"country_ID":20,"name":"Arequipa"},{"province_ID":341,"country_ID":20,"name":"Ayacucho"},{"province_ID":342,"country_ID":20,"name":"Cajamarca"},{"province_ID":343,"country_ID":20,"name":"Callao"},{"province_ID":344,"country_ID":20,"name":"Cusco"},{"province_ID":345,"country_ID":20,"name":"Huancavelica"},{"province_ID":346,"country_ID":20,"name":"Huanuco"},{"province_ID":347,"country_ID":20,"name":"Ica"},{"province_ID":348,"country_ID":20,"name":"Junin"},{"province_ID":349,"country_ID":20,"name":"La Libertad"},{"province_ID":350,"country_ID":20,"name":"Lambayeque"},{"province_ID":351,"country_ID":20,"name":"Lima"},{"province_ID":352,"country_ID":20,"name":"Loreto"},{"province_ID":353,"country_ID":20,"name":"Madre de Dios"},{"province_ID":354,"country_ID":20,"name":"Moquegua"},{"province_ID":355,"country_ID":20,"name":"Pasco"},{"province_ID":356,"country_ID":20,"name":"Piura"},{"province_ID":357,"country_ID":20,"name":"Puno"},{"province_ID":358,"country_ID":20,"name":"San Martin"},{"province_ID":359,"country_ID":20,"name":"Tacna"},{"province_ID":360,"country_ID":20,"name":"Tumbes"},{"province_ID":361,"country_ID":20,"name":"Ucayali"},{"province_ID":362,"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico"},{"province_ID":363,"country_ID":22,"name":"Azua"},{"province_ID":364,"country_ID":22,"name":"Baoruco"},{"province_ID":365,"country_ID":22,"name":"Barahona"},{"province_ID":366,"country_ID":22,"name":"Dajabon"},{"province_ID":367,"country_ID":22,"name":"Distrito Nacional"},{"province_ID":368,"country_ID":22,"name":"Duarte"},{"province_ID":369,"country_ID":22,"name":"Elias Pina"},{"province_ID":370,"country_ID":22,"name":"El Seibo"},{"province_ID":371,"country_ID":22,"name":"Espaillat"},{"province_ID":372,"country_ID":22,"name":"Hato Mayor"},{"province_ID":373,"country_ID":22,"name":"Independencia"},{"province_ID":374,"country_ID":22,"name":"La Altagracia"},{"province_ID":375,"country_ID":22,"name":"La Romana"},{"province_ID":376,"country_ID":22,"name":"La Vega"},{"province_ID":377,"country_ID":22,"name":"Maria Trinidad Sanchez"},{"province_ID":378,"country_ID":22,"name":"Monsenor Nouel"},{"province_ID":379,"country_ID":22,"name":"Monte Cristi"},{"province_ID":380,"country_ID":22,"name":"Monte Plata"},{"province_ID":381,"country_ID":22,"name":"Pedernales"},{"province_ID":382,"country_ID":22,"name":"Peravia"},{"province_ID":383,"country_ID":22,"name":"Puerto Plata"},{"province_ID":384,"country_ID":22,"name":"Salcedo"},{"province_ID":385,"country_ID":22,"name":"Samana"},{"province_ID":386,"country_ID":22,"name":"Sanchez Ramirez"},{"province_ID":387,"country_ID":22,"name":"San Cristobal"},{"province_ID":388,"country_ID":22,"name":"San Jose de Ocoa"},{"province_ID":389,"country_ID":22,"name":"San Juan"},{"province_ID":390,"country_ID":22,"name":"San Pedro de Macoris"},{"province_ID":391,"country_ID":22,"name":"Santiago"},{"province_ID":392,"country_ID":22,"name":"Santiago Rodriguez"},{"province_ID":393,"country_ID":22,"name":"Santo Domingo"},{"province_ID":394,"country_ID":22,"name":"Valverde"},{"province_ID":395,"country_ID":23,"name":"Brokopondo"},{"province_ID":396,"country_ID":23,"name":"Commewijne"},{"province_ID":397,"country_ID":23,"name":"Coronie"},{"province_ID":398,"country_ID":23,"name":"Marowijne"},{"province_ID":399,"country_ID":23,"name":"Nickerie"},{"province_ID":400,"country_ID":23,"name":"Para"},{"province_ID":401,"country_ID":23,"name":"Paramaribo"},{"province_ID":402,"country_ID":23,"name":"Saramacca"},{"province_ID":403,"country_ID":23,"name":"Sipaliwini"},{"province_ID":404,"country_ID":23,"name":"Wanica"},{"province_ID":405,"country_ID":24,"name":"Artigas"},{"province_ID":406,"country_ID":24,"name":"Canelones"},{"province_ID":407,"country_ID":24,"name":"Cerro Largo"},{"province_ID":408,"country_ID":24,"name":"Colonia"},{"province_ID":409,"country_ID":24,"name":"Durazno"},{"province_ID":410,"country_ID":24,"name":"Flores"},{"province_ID":411,"country_ID":24,"name":"Florida"},{"province_ID":412,"country_ID":24,"name":"Lavalleja"},{"province_ID":413,"country_ID":24,"name":"Maldonado"},{"province_ID":414,"country_ID":24,"name":"Montevideo"},{"province_ID":415,"country_ID":24,"name":"Paysandu"},{"province_ID":416,"country_ID":24,"name":"Rio Negro"},{"province_ID":417,"country_ID":24,"name":"Rivera"},{"province_ID":418,"country_ID":24,"name":"Rocha"},{"province_ID":419,"country_ID":24,"name":"Salto"},{"province_ID":420,"country_ID":24,"name":"San Jose"},{"province_ID":421,"country_ID":24,"name":"Soriano"},{"province_ID":422,"country_ID":24,"name":"Tacuarembo"},{"province_ID":423,"country_ID":24,"name":"Treinta y Tres"},{"province_ID":424,"country_ID":25,"name":"Amazonas"},{"province_ID":425,"country_ID":25,"name":"Anzoategui"},{"province_ID":426,"country_ID":25,"name":"Apure"},{"province_ID":427,"country_ID":25,"name":"Aragua"},{"province_ID":428,"country_ID":25,"name":"Barinas"},{"province_ID":429,"country_ID":25,"name":"Bolivar"},{"province_ID":430,"country_ID":25,"name":"Carabobo"},{"province_ID":431,"country_ID":25,"name":"Cojedes"},{"province_ID":432,"country_ID":25,"name":"Delta Amacuro"},{"province_ID":433,"country_ID":25,"name":"Dependencias Federales"},{"province_ID":434,"country_ID":25,"name":"Distrito Federal"},{"province_ID":435,"country_ID":25,"name":"Falcon"},{"province_ID":436,"country_ID":25,"name":"Guarico"},{"province_ID":437,"country_ID":25,"name":"Lara"},{"province_ID":438,"country_ID":25,"name":"Merida"},{"province_ID":439,"country_ID":25,"name":"Miranda"},{"province_ID":440,"country_ID":25,"name":"Monagas"},{"province_ID":441,"country_ID":25,"name":"Nueva Esparta"},{"province_ID":442,"country_ID":25,"name":"Portuguesa"},{"province_ID":443,"country_ID":25,"name":"Sucre"},{"province_ID":444,"country_ID":25,"name":"Tachira"},{"province_ID":445,"country_ID":25,"name":"Trujillo"},{"province_ID":446,"country_ID":25,"name":"Vargas"},{"province_ID":447,"country_ID":25,"name":"Yaracuy"},{"province_ID":448,"country_ID":25,"name":"Zulia"},{"province_ID":449,"country_ID":26,"name":"Acre"},{"province_ID":450,"country_ID":26,"name":"Alagoas"},{"province_ID":451,"country_ID":26,"name":"Amapá"},{"province_ID":452,"country_ID":26,"name":"Amazonas"},{"province_ID":453,"country_ID":26,"name":"Bahia"},{"province_ID":454,"country_ID":26,"name":"Ceará"},{"province_ID":455,"country_ID":26,"name":"Distrito Federal"},{"province_ID":456,"country_ID":26,"name":"Espírito Santo"},{"province_ID":457,"country_ID":26,"name":"Goiás"},{"province_ID":458,"country_ID":26,"name":"Maranhão"},{"province_ID":459,"country_ID":26,"name":"Mato Grosso"},{"province_ID":460,"country_ID":26,"name":"Mato Grosso do Sul"},{"province_ID":461,"country_ID":26,"name":"Minas Gerais"},{"province_ID":462,"country_ID":26,"name":"Pará"},{"province_ID":463,"country_ID":26,"name":"Paraíba"},{"province_ID":464,"country_ID":26,"name":"Paraná"},{"province_ID":465,"country_ID":26,"name":"Pernambuco"},{"province_ID":466,"country_ID":26,"name":"Piauí"},{"province_ID":467,"country_ID":26,"name":"Rio de Janeiro"},{"province_ID":468,"country_ID":26,"name":"Rio Grande do Norte"},{"province_ID":469,"country_ID":26,"name":"Rio Grande do Sul"},{"province_ID":470,"country_ID":26,"name":"Rondônia"},{"province_ID":471,"country_ID":26,"name":"Roraima"},{"province_ID":472,"country_ID":26,"name":"Santa Catarina"},{"province_ID":473,"country_ID":26,"name":"São Paulo"},{"province_ID":474,"country_ID":26,"name":"Sergipe"},{"province_ID":475,"country_ID":26,"name":"Tocantins"},{"province_ID":476,"country_ID":27,"name":"Álava"},{"province_ID":477,"country_ID":27,"name":"Albacete"},{"province_ID":478,"country_ID":27,"name":"Alicante"},{"province_ID":479,"country_ID":27,"name":"Almería"},{"province_ID":480,"country_ID":27,"name":"Principado de Asturias"},{"province_ID":481,"country_ID":27,"name":"Ávila"},{"province_ID":482,"country_ID":27,"name":"Badajoz"},{"province_ID":483,"country_ID":27,"name":"Barcelona"},{"province_ID":484,"country_ID":27,"name":"Burgos"},{"province_ID":485,"country_ID":27,"name":"Cáceres"},{"province_ID":486,"country_ID":27,"name":"Cádiz"},{"province_ID":487,"country_ID":27,"name":"Cantabria"},{"province_ID":488,"country_ID":27,"name":"Castellón"},{"province_ID":489,"country_ID":27,"name":"Ciudad Real"},{"province_ID":490,"country_ID":27,"name":"Córdoba"},{"province_ID":491,"country_ID":27,"name":"La Coruña"},{"province_ID":492,"country_ID":27,"name":"Cuenca"},{"province_ID":493,"country_ID":27,"name":"Gerona"},{"province_ID":494,"country_ID":27,"name":"Granada"},{"province_ID":495,"country_ID":27,"name":"Guadalajara"},{"province_ID":496,"country_ID":27,"name":"Guipúzcoa"},{"province_ID":497,"country_ID":27,"name":"Huelva"},{"province_ID":498,"country_ID":27,"name":"Huesca"},{"province_ID":499,"country_ID":27,"name":"Islas Baleares"},{"province_ID":500,"country_ID":27,"name":"Jaén"},{"province_ID":501,"country_ID":27,"name":"León"},{"province_ID":502,"country_ID":27,"name":"Lérida"},{"province_ID":503,"country_ID":27,"name":"Lugo"},{"province_ID":504,"country_ID":27,"name":"Madrid"},{"province_ID":505,"country_ID":27,"name":"Málaga"},{"province_ID":506,"country_ID":27,"name":"Región de Murcia"},{"province_ID":507,"country_ID":27,"name":"Comunidad Foral de Navarra"},{"province_ID":508,"country_ID":27,"name":"Orense"},{"province_ID":509,"country_ID":27,"name":"Palencia"},{"province_ID":510,"country_ID":27,"name":"Las Palmas"},{"province_ID":511,"country_ID":27,"name":"Pontevedra"},{"province_ID":512,"country_ID":27,"name":"La Rioja"},{"province_ID":513,"country_ID":27,"name":"Salamanca"},{"province_ID":514,"country_ID":27,"name":"Segovia"},{"province_ID":515,"country_ID":27,"name":"Sevilla"},{"province_ID":516,"country_ID":27,"name":"Soria"},{"province_ID":517,"country_ID":27,"name":"Tarragona"},{"province_ID":518,"country_ID":27,"name":"Santa Cruz de Tenerife"},{"province_ID":519,"country_ID":27,"name":"Teruel"},{"province_ID":520,"country_ID":27,"name":"Toledo"},{"province_ID":521,"country_ID":27,"name":"Valencia"},{"province_ID":522,"country_ID":27,"name":"Valladolid"},{"province_ID":523,"country_ID":27,"name":"Vizcaya"},{"province_ID":524,"country_ID":27,"name":"Zamora"},{"province_ID":525,"country_ID":27,"name":"Zaragoza"},{"province_ID":526,"country_ID":27,"name":"Melilla"},{"province_ID":527,"country_ID":27,"name":"Ceuta"},{"province_ID":528,"country_ID":28,"name":"Australia"},{"province_ID":529,"country_ID":29,"name":"Bahamas"},{"province_ID":530,"country_ID":30,"name":"Camerún"},{"province_ID":531,"country_ID":31,"name":"Italia"}],"occupations":["Agricultor,Productor Primario","Asesor Técnico","Vendedor de Fertilizantes","Vendedor de Agroquímicos","Vendedor de Semillas","Vendedor de Insumos Orgánicos","Vendedor de Agroinsumos en General","Profesor o Investigador","Estudiante","Sector Gobierno o Financiero","Otro","Productor Ganadero"],"siteKey":"6LcoBxwTAAAAAIHGYfRC7q_PWI1Ixdpc63kgLXLw"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":220,"function":"articleSignup","args":[{"article_ID":262,"views":172215,"title":"Uso de Extractos de Algas (Ascophyllum nodosum) como bioestimulantes en Agricultura","fb_title":"","link":"uso-de-extractos-de-ascophyllum-nodosum","desc":"Entre los extractos de algas más utilizados e investigados se encuentra la especie Ascophyllum nodosum, una alga parda cuyos extractos han demostrado ser activos biológicamente. Algunos de los usos de extractos de esta alga se tratan a continuación. Los ingredientes activos que contiene el extracto de Ascophyllum nodosum y que permiten entender su comportamiento y efecto en la planta son: betaínas, manitol, ácido algínico, polifenoles, fucanos y laminarina.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art273-uso-de-algas\/Algas-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":",4,","keywords":"ascophyllum nodosum, alga marina en agricultura, aminoácidos, Bioestimulantes,hormonas,fitohormonas,betaínas,manitol,algínico,polifenoles","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Nutricion Vegetal\/60. Uso extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum.pdf","text":"

\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Numerosos estudios han demostrado los beneficios de las aplicaciones de extractos de algas en las plantas, tales mejoras se aprecian en la germinación, aumento en rendimiento, resistencia al estrés biótico y abiótico, mayor vida de anaquel de productos perecederos, entre otros. Los beneficios de las algas observados en el crecimiento, la sanidad  y el rendimiento de los cultivos se ha atribuido a: 1) el suministro de nutrientes esenciales por la degradación de la materia orgánica y 2) a la mejora de las características del suelo. Las algas son especies con elevado contenido en fibra, macro y microelementos, aminoácidos, vitaminas y fitohormonas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Entre los extractos de algas más utilizados e investigados se encuentra la especie Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em>, una alga parda cuyos extractos han demostrado ser activos biológicamente. Algunos de los usos de extractos de esta alga se tratan a continuación.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 1. Ascophyllum nodosum, una alga con uso potencial para la agricultura.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em><\/strong> como bioestimulante<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Los extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> son utilizados como bioestimulantes, pues incentivan a la planta a producir sus propias hormonas, contribuyen en la absorción y translocación de nutrientes presentes en el suelo. Lo anterior trae beneficios como el aumento del crecimiento de la planta, rápida germinación de las semillas, retraso de la senescencia, incremento en la resistencia a enfermedades fúngicas y bacterianas, adaptación a condiciones de estrés, entre otros. Los ingredientes activos que contiene el extracto de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> y que permiten entender su comportamiento y efecto en la planta son: betaínas, manitol, ácido algínico, polifenoles, fucanos y laminarina.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Beneficios y efectos sobre el suelo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Estos productos también afectan las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo, favoreciendo el crecimiento de los cultivos. Mejora la capacidad de retención de humedad por su alto contenido en fibra y promueve la actividad de microorganismos benéficos del suelo. Estas algas pardas son ricas en poliurónides como los alginatos y el fucano, donde los agentes gelificantes y quelatantes de estos polisacáridos junto con sus propiedades hidrofílicas hacen estos compuestos importantes en el sector agrícola.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Por ejemplo, los extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> contienen varias betaínas que sirven como solutos en las plantas para la tolerancia al estrés abiótico como la salinidad y la sequía. El beneficio de la aplicación de los extractos de algas se debe entender como un efecto sinérgico de todos los componentes, no pudiendo aislar el efecto de cada uno de los ingredientes activos (Cuadro 1). <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"Tabla\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n
 <\/div>\r\n\r\n
\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 2. Representación esquemática de los efectos fisiológicos provocados por extractos de algas y posibles mecanismos de la bio-actividad.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Fuente: Khan et al., 2009. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Métodos de aplicación<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

De acuerdo a sus presentaciones comerciales, el extracto de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> puede aplicarse vía foliar, vía suelo, ambas o en tratamiento a la semilla. Para el caso de vía suelo se puede incorporar en el riego, en fertirriego o en el riego por surcos. Además, se puede aplicar ilimitadamente con otros productos foliares o de aplicación al suelo, siempre cuidando que exista un equilibrio hormonal, por lo que resulta importante planificar las estrategias en términos de tiempo y frecuencia en que se aplica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En síntesis, el uso de extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> en la agricultura es  una realidad y una promesa. Una realidad, porque sus efectos resultan evidentes cuando se prueban; y una promesa porque en la medida que esta práctica se extienda irán disminuyendo los costos de producción, y en un futuro sustituirá el uso de los productos químicos sintéticos por orgánicos, favoreciendo una agricultura sostenible.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Fuentes consultadas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Norrie, J.; Neyli, W. 2015. Extractos de Ascophyllum nodosum en la Producción Agrícola. Horticultivos. México.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Khan, W.; Rayirath, U. P.; Subramanian, S.; Jithesh, Mundaya. N.; Rayorath, P.; Hodges, D. M.; Critchley, A. T.; Craigie, J. S.; Norrie, J.; Prithiviraj, B. 2009. Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

and Development. Springer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-07-02 18:02:52","updated":"2018-05-21 17:58:57","published":"2016-07-04 13:05:26","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"uso-de-extractos-de-ascophyllum-nodosum","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"uso-de-extractos-de-ascophyllum-nodosum","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}