{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":482,"views":170135,"title":"Tipos de Raíces en Cultivos","fb_title":"","link":"tipos-de-raices-en-cultivos","desc":"La mitad oculta de las plantas, es decir el sistema radical es un componente clave para el rendimiento en los cultivos, por lo que es importante conocer sus características para tomar decisiones respecto a su cuidado y manejo. Por lo tanto, es trascendental saber leer el lenguaje de las raíces.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art486-raices\/Raices%20de%20plantas.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":"","keywords":"Raíces de plantas,Pivotante,Fasciculado,Absorción de Nutrientes","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Nutricion Vegetal\/109. Los Tipos de Raices en Cultivos.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La mitad oculta de las plantas, es decir el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/suelos\/sistema-radical-o-sistema-radicular\">sistema radical<\/a>, es un componente clave para el rendimiento en los cultivos, por lo que es importante conocer sus caracter&iacute;sticas para tomar decisiones respecto a su cuidado y manejo. Las ra&iacute;ces de los principales cultivos son distintas porque adem&aacute;s de pertenecer a diferentes familias, han evolucionado en sus caracter&iacute;sticas bot&aacute;nicas como una forma de adaptaci&oacute;n para satisfacer las necesidades de agua y nutrientes. Con un amplio conocimiento de la diversidad del tipo de sistemas radicales de los cultivos se pueden realizar mejores pr&aacute;cticas de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/agua-riego\/El-riego-la-importancia-de-su-programacion-y-los-parametros-de-humedad-en-el-suelo\">riego<\/a>, nutrici&oacute;n, protecci&oacute;n e incluso cosecha (en donde las ra&iacute;ces son tub&eacute;rculos). Por medio del conocimiento del desarrollo normal del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/suelos\/sistema-radical-o-sistema-radicular\">sistema radical<\/a> se puede, realizar su protecci&oacute;n y nutrici&oacute;n de manera localizada, diagnosticar su estado en busca de enfermedades en caso de anomal&iacute;as, y realizar procesos de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal\/bioestimulacion-del-crecimiento-radical-de-los-cultivos\">bioestimulaci&oacute;n<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Tipos de Ra&iacute;ces<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Las ra&iacute;ces son en su mayor&iacute;a &oacute;rganos subterr&aacute;neos adaptados para absorber agua, nutrientes y anclar a la planta; en algunos casos tienen otras funciones como reserva de asimilados o de reproducci&oacute;n vegetativa. Debido al tipo de semilla (monocotiled&oacute;nea o dicotiled&oacute;nea) que le da origen es posible encontrar dos grandes grupos de sistemas radicales: sistema alorrizo y sistema homorrizo. El primero se desarrolla de semillas dicotiled&oacute;neas que transforman la rad&iacute;cula en una ra&iacute;z principal con ramificaciones, mientras que el segundo corresponde a ra&iacute;ces de monocotiled&oacute;neas cuya rad&iacute;cula tiene vida corta y es reemplazada por ra&iacute;ces adventicias que nacen de partes de la planta que no son el embri&oacute;n. La longitud de las ra&iacute;ces var&iacute;a por tipo de cultivo, pues mientras en frutales excede los 60 cm, en hortalizas se encuentra mayormente de manera superficial (Cuadro 1).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"4\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 102, 0); height:31px; width:576px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Profundidad de ra&iacute;ces de distintos cultivos hort&iacute;colas.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Knott, 2007.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"height:31px; width:193px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Superficial (45 a 60 cm)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:31px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Moderada (60 a 120 cm)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:31px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Profunda (&gt;120 cm)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ajo<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Apio<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Berenjena<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Esp&aacute;rrago<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Br&oacute;coli<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Perejil<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/horticultura-protegida\/produccion-de-pepino-en-invernadero\">Pepino<\/a><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Calabaza<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Cebolla<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Lechuga<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Pimiento<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/horticultura-protegida\/el-cultivo-de-tomate\">&nbsp;Tomate<\/a><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ma&iacute;z<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;R&aacute;bano<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Zanahoria<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Sand&iacute;a<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"clear:both;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Raíz de cultivos\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art486-raices\/ejemplos-de-cultivos.jpg\" style=\"height:500px; width:513px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 204); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Ejemplos de cultivos con ra&iacute;ces&nbsp; pivotantes (a), tuberosas (b) y fasciculadas (c).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fuente: Intagri.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\">\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Existen otras clasificaciones de las ra&iacute;ces de las plantas seg&uacute;n su origen y su forma. Dichas categorizaciones se mencionan a continuaci&oacute;n:<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Seg&uacute;n su origen<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">De primer orden: surgen de la ra&iacute;z principal y crecen de manera perpendicular a ella.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">De segundo orden: se originan a partir de las ra&iacute;ces de segundo orden.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Adventicias: no crecen del embri&oacute;n ni de otras ra&iacute;ces, se generan ya sea de hojas o tallos (Figura 2).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Seg&uacute;n su forma<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Axonomorfas (pivotantes): se reconoce la ra&iacute;z principal sobre las otras por su grosor, se presenta como un eje central del que emergen las dem&aacute;s ra&iacute;ces. Un cl&aacute;sico ejemplo es la planta del tomate, as&iacute; como la mayor&iacute;a de frutales.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Axonomorfas t&iacute;picas: la ra&iacute;z principal se engrosa un poco y de &eacute;sta se desprenden ra&iacute;ces laterales. Un ejemplo es el cultivo del caf&eacute;.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Carnosas: sirven como almac&eacute;n de sustancias de reserva. Hay de tipo c&oacute;nicas (zanahoria), napiformes (r&aacute;bano) y tuberosas (yuca, camote). De estas se pueden desprender ra&iacute;ces secundarias.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Fibrosas o fasciculadas: la ra&iacute;z principal no logra desarrollarse y en su lugar aparecen numerosas ra&iacute;ces del mismo grosor que se originan en los nudos o tallos (ma&iacute;z, trigo). Su desarrollo es superficial y tiende a extenderse de manera m&aacute;s horizontal.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 102, 0); height:23px; width:496px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Cuadro 2. Tipos de sistemas radicales en cultivos hort&iacute;colas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Pivotante (axonomorfa)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Carnoso<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Fasciculado<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Pepino, Calabaza, Sand&iacute;a<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Papa<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ma&iacute;z, Sorgo, Trigo<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Tomate<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Camote<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ajo, Cebolla<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Perejil<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Betabel (remolacha)<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ar&aacute;ndano<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;R&aacute;bano<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ca&ntilde;a de az&uacute;car<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Nabo<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Br&oacute;coli, Coliflor<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\">\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<img alt=\"Raíces adventicias\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art486-raices\/Crecimiento.jpg\" style=\"height:471px; width:504px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 204); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Crecimiento normal de ra&iacute;ces adventicias en plantas.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fuente: Steffens y Rasmussen, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La importancia de conocer cuando y como crecen las ra&iacute;ces de los cultivos radica en tomar decisiones acertadas al momento de la preparaci&oacute;n del suelo, as&iacute; como la aplicaci&oacute;n del riego o la fertilizaci&oacute;n. Adem&aacute;s permitir&aacute; identificar el periodo &oacute;ptimo para estimular, retardar o inhibir el crecimiento de las ra&iacute;ces, seg&uacute;n los objetivos. Por lo tanto, es trascendental saber leer el lenguaje de las ra&iacute;ces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">INTAGRI. 2018. Tipos de Ra&iacute;ces en Cultivos. Serie Nutrici&oacute;n Vegetal N&uacute;m. 109. Art&iacute;culos T&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 3 p.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Literatura Consultada<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Ram&iacute;rez, P.B.R.; Goyes, A. R.I. 2004. Bot&aacute;nica Generalidades, Morfolog&iacute;a y Anatom&iacute;a de Plantas Superiores. Universidad del Cauca. Colombia. 195 p.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Steffens, B.; Rasmussen, A. 2016. The Physiology of Adventitious Roots. Plant Physiology 170(2): 603-617.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2018-02-11 00:23:25","updated":"2018-04-18 14:32:07","published":"2018-02-11 01:00:08","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Por lo tanto, es trascendental saber leer el lenguaje de las raíces.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art486-raices\/Raices%20de%20plantas.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":"","keywords":"Raíces de plantas,Pivotante,Fasciculado,Absorción de Nutrientes","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Nutricion Vegetal\/109. Los Tipos de Raices en Cultivos.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La mitad oculta de las plantas, es decir el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/suelos\/sistema-radical-o-sistema-radicular\">sistema radical<\/a>, es un componente clave para el rendimiento en los cultivos, por lo que es importante conocer sus caracter&iacute;sticas para tomar decisiones respecto a su cuidado y manejo. Las ra&iacute;ces de los principales cultivos son distintas porque adem&aacute;s de pertenecer a diferentes familias, han evolucionado en sus caracter&iacute;sticas bot&aacute;nicas como una forma de adaptaci&oacute;n para satisfacer las necesidades de agua y nutrientes. Con un amplio conocimiento de la diversidad del tipo de sistemas radicales de los cultivos se pueden realizar mejores pr&aacute;cticas de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/agua-riego\/El-riego-la-importancia-de-su-programacion-y-los-parametros-de-humedad-en-el-suelo\">riego<\/a>, nutrici&oacute;n, protecci&oacute;n e incluso cosecha (en donde las ra&iacute;ces son tub&eacute;rculos). Por medio del conocimiento del desarrollo normal del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/suelos\/sistema-radical-o-sistema-radicular\">sistema radical<\/a> se puede, realizar su protecci&oacute;n y nutrici&oacute;n de manera localizada, diagnosticar su estado en busca de enfermedades en caso de anomal&iacute;as, y realizar procesos de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal\/bioestimulacion-del-crecimiento-radical-de-los-cultivos\">bioestimulaci&oacute;n<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Tipos de Ra&iacute;ces<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Las ra&iacute;ces son en su mayor&iacute;a &oacute;rganos subterr&aacute;neos adaptados para absorber agua, nutrientes y anclar a la planta; en algunos casos tienen otras funciones como reserva de asimilados o de reproducci&oacute;n vegetativa. Debido al tipo de semilla (monocotiled&oacute;nea o dicotiled&oacute;nea) que le da origen es posible encontrar dos grandes grupos de sistemas radicales: sistema alorrizo y sistema homorrizo. El primero se desarrolla de semillas dicotiled&oacute;neas que transforman la rad&iacute;cula en una ra&iacute;z principal con ramificaciones, mientras que el segundo corresponde a ra&iacute;ces de monocotiled&oacute;neas cuya rad&iacute;cula tiene vida corta y es reemplazada por ra&iacute;ces adventicias que nacen de partes de la planta que no son el embri&oacute;n. La longitud de las ra&iacute;ces var&iacute;a por tipo de cultivo, pues mientras en frutales excede los 60 cm, en hortalizas se encuentra mayormente de manera superficial (Cuadro 1).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"4\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 102, 0); height:31px; width:576px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Profundidad de ra&iacute;ces de distintos cultivos hort&iacute;colas.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Knott, 2007.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"height:31px; width:193px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Superficial (45 a 60 cm)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:31px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Moderada (60 a 120 cm)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:31px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Profunda (&gt;120 cm)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ajo<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Apio<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Berenjena<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Esp&aacute;rrago<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Br&oacute;coli<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Perejil<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/horticultura-protegida\/produccion-de-pepino-en-invernadero\">Pepino<\/a><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Calabaza<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Cebolla<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Lechuga<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Pimiento<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/horticultura-protegida\/el-cultivo-de-tomate\">&nbsp;Tomate<\/a><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:85px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ma&iacute;z<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:108px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;R&aacute;bano<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:207px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Zanahoria<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:176px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Sand&iacute;a<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"clear:both;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Raíz de cultivos\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art486-raices\/ejemplos-de-cultivos.jpg\" style=\"height:500px; width:513px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 204); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Ejemplos de cultivos con ra&iacute;ces&nbsp; pivotantes (a), tuberosas (b) y fasciculadas (c).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fuente: Intagri.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\">\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Existen otras clasificaciones de las ra&iacute;ces de las plantas seg&uacute;n su origen y su forma. Dichas categorizaciones se mencionan a continuaci&oacute;n:<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Seg&uacute;n su origen<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">De primer orden: surgen de la ra&iacute;z principal y crecen de manera perpendicular a ella.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">De segundo orden: se originan a partir de las ra&iacute;ces de segundo orden.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Adventicias: no crecen del embri&oacute;n ni de otras ra&iacute;ces, se generan ya sea de hojas o tallos (Figura 2).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Seg&uacute;n su forma<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Axonomorfas (pivotantes): se reconoce la ra&iacute;z principal sobre las otras por su grosor, se presenta como un eje central del que emergen las dem&aacute;s ra&iacute;ces. Un cl&aacute;sico ejemplo es la planta del tomate, as&iacute; como la mayor&iacute;a de frutales.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Axonomorfas t&iacute;picas: la ra&iacute;z principal se engrosa un poco y de &eacute;sta se desprenden ra&iacute;ces laterales. Un ejemplo es el cultivo del caf&eacute;.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Carnosas: sirven como almac&eacute;n de sustancias de reserva. Hay de tipo c&oacute;nicas (zanahoria), napiformes (r&aacute;bano) y tuberosas (yuca, camote). De estas se pueden desprender ra&iacute;ces secundarias.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Fibrosas o fasciculadas: la ra&iacute;z principal no logra desarrollarse y en su lugar aparecen numerosas ra&iacute;ces del mismo grosor que se originan en los nudos o tallos (ma&iacute;z, trigo). Su desarrollo es superficial y tiende a extenderse de manera m&aacute;s horizontal.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 102, 0); height:23px; width:496px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Cuadro 2. Tipos de sistemas radicales en cultivos hort&iacute;colas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Pivotante (axonomorfa)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Carnoso<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong>&nbsp;Fasciculado<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Pepino, Calabaza, Sand&iacute;a<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Papa<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ma&iacute;z, Sorgo, Trigo<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Tomate<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Camote<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ajo, Cebolla<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Perejil<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Betabel (remolacha)<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ar&aacute;ndano<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;R&aacute;bano<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Ca&ntilde;a de az&uacute;car<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:186px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:165px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Nabo<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:145px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>&nbsp;Br&oacute;coli, Coliflor<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\">\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<img alt=\"Raíces adventicias\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art486-raices\/Crecimiento.jpg\" style=\"height:471px; width:504px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 204); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Crecimiento normal de ra&iacute;ces adventicias en plantas.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fuente: Steffens y Rasmussen, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La importancia de conocer cuando y como crecen las ra&iacute;ces de los cultivos radica en tomar decisiones acertadas al momento de la preparaci&oacute;n del suelo, as&iacute; como la aplicaci&oacute;n del riego o la fertilizaci&oacute;n. Adem&aacute;s permitir&aacute; identificar el periodo &oacute;ptimo para estimular, retardar o inhibir el crecimiento de las ra&iacute;ces, seg&uacute;n los objetivos. Por lo tanto, es trascendental saber leer el lenguaje de las ra&iacute;ces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">INTAGRI. 2018. Tipos de Ra&iacute;ces en Cultivos. Serie Nutrici&oacute;n Vegetal N&uacute;m. 109. Art&iacute;culos T&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 3 p.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Literatura Consultada<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Ram&iacute;rez, P.B.R.; Goyes, A. R.I. 2004. Bot&aacute;nica Generalidades, Morfolog&iacute;a y Anatom&iacute;a de Plantas Superiores. Universidad del Cauca. Colombia. 195 p.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Steffens, B.; Rasmussen, A. 2016. The Physiology of Adventitious Roots. Plant Physiology 170(2): 603-617.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2018-02-11 00:23:25","updated":"2018-04-18 14:32:07","published":"2018-02-11 01:00:08","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"tipos-de-raices-en-cultivos","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"tipos-de-raices-en-cultivos","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}