{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":21,"views":51795,"title":"Preparacion y Monitoreo de la Solución Nutritiva","fb_title":"","link":"preparacion-monitoreo-dela-solucion-nutritiva","desc":"Una solución nutritiva es aquella que contiene los elementos esenciales para la nutrición de las plantas, a una concentración ideal y relaciones óptimas entre los elementos, de tal manera que favorecen la absorción nutrimental por el cultivo.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art16-solucion-nutriti\/hidroponia-01(1).jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":",4,","keywords":" preparación de Solución Nutritiva","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Nutricion Vegetal\/03. Preparacion y monitoreo de la solucion nutritiva.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Uno de los avances m&aacute;s importantes que se ha dado en la agricultura es el paso de los sistemas de riego por gravedad a los sistemas de riego por goteo o de alta precisi&oacute;n con empleo de soluciones nutritivas. Una soluci&oacute;n nutritiva es aquella que contiene los elementos esenciales para la nutrici&oacute;n de las plantas, a una concentraci&oacute;n ideal y relaciones &oacute;ptimas entre los elementos, de tal manera que favorecen la absorci&oacute;n nutrimental por el cultivo. El empleo de soluciones nutritivas permite hacer un manejo eficiente de los insumos, adem&aacute;s de <strong>disminuir la contaminaci&oacute;n del suelo y mantos fre&aacute;ticos<\/strong>. Con este m&eacute;todo es posible proporcionarle a las plantas las cantidades necesarias de nutrimentos de acuerdo a su estado fenol&oacute;gico y sus caracter&iacute;sticas genot&iacute;picas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img class=\"center-block img-responsive\" alt=\"Jitomate verde\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art16-solucion-nutriti\/soluciones-nutritivas.JPG\" style=\"height:354px; width:295px\" \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Otro aspecto importante a considerar es el ahorro de agua ya que en sistemas de producci&oacute;n donde se emplea la soluci&oacute;n nutritiva, cerca del 70% del agua empleada se aprovecha en la absorci&oacute;n de las plantas mientras que en sistemas convencionales el aprovechamiento es aproximadamente de 10 a 20%, esto tomar&aacute; mayor importancia conforme la escasez del agua aumente y se elaboran legislaciones m&aacute;s estrictas para regular su uso.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Para la preparaci&oacute;n de soluciones nutritivas existen factores que hay que tomar en cuenta. En primer lugar necesitamos conocer el cultivo que se desea trabajar, as&iacute; como sus caracter&iacute;sticas fenol&oacute;gicas y gen&eacute;ticas ya que cada cultivo tiene diferentes demandas nutrimentales, adem&aacute;s estos requerimientos cambian conforme las plantas se desarrollan.&nbsp;Es importante tambi&eacute;n conocer la composici&oacute;n nutrimental del suelo o sustrato donde se va a plantar y del agua que se emplear&aacute; para el riego, conociendo estos factores se puede formular una soluci&oacute;n nutritiva ideal para el cultivo, al mismo tiempo propiciar un ahorro econ&oacute;mico para el productor pues existen suelos y aguas muy ricas en algunos nutrimentos como el Calcio y Magnesio. Por &uacute;ltimo, conociendo estos factores se debe de verificar cu&aacute;les fuentes de fertilizaci&oacute;n existen en el mercado para que sea posible abastecer a las plantas con todos los nutrimentos esenciales en concentraciones &oacute;ptimas.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">La concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n debe ser la requerida por el cultivo, hay que tomar en cuenta que cuando la concentraci&oacute;n de un nutrimento&nbsp; es mayor o menor a la ideal puede afectar negativamente a la absorci&oacute;n de otro nutrimento, por ejemplo,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"row\">\r\n            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">una alta concentraci&oacute;n de Magnesio (Mg) disminuye la absorci&oacute;n de Calcio (Ca) por la ra&iacute;z y aplicaciones altas de f&oacute;sforo causan precipitaciones de Hierro (Fe) y Zinc (Zn), es por ello que es importante realizar el an&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;mico del suelo y del agua para que la cantidad de nutrimentos que contienen sean restados en el c&aacute;lculo de la soluci&oacute;n final. Actualmente ya&nbsp;existen <strong>hojas de c&aacute;lculo<\/strong> dise&ntilde;adas por empresas e investigadores especialistas en nutrici&oacute;n vegetal, estas hojas de c&aacute;lculo permiten realizar los c&aacute;lculos de una manera precisa por lo que su uso es altamente recomendable para calcular la cantidad de fertilizantes a agregar en una soluci&oacute;n nutritiva.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">El monitoreo de la soluci&oacute;n nutritiva es una herramienta que nos ayuda a verificar que los nutrimentos lleguen de forma oportuna a las plantas. La soluci&oacute;n inyectada a la ra&iacute;z de la planta debe tener un pH de 5.5 a 6.5 para facilitar el acceso nutrimental. El monitoreo de la concentraci&oacute;n de nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n se puede realizar con an&aacute;lisis peri&oacute;dicos de laboratorio o ayuda con mediciones en campo con medidores port&aacute;tiles de iones como el Ca, Mg, NO<\/span><sub>3<\/sub><span style=\"font-size:14px\">, K y Na, la ventaja de usar estos dispositivos port&aacute;tiles es que se conocen los resultados en el mismo momento. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">El monitoreo se realiza determinando la concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n del gotero para verificar que la composici&oacute;n nutrimental cumpla con los par&aacute;metros con los que la soluci&oacute;n fue formulada, en caso de detectar alg&uacute;n error se procede a ajustar la soluci&oacute;n. Para cultivos en sustrato se mide tambi&eacute;n la concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n del drenaje, para obtener el drenado se puede hacer uso de las bandejas de drenaje donde se puede medir la cantidad de agua que la planta absorbe por d&iacute;a y recolectar el drenado para determinar sus propiedades como pH, CE y concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos, esto ayuda a conocer la din&aacute;mica de absorci&oacute;n de nutrientes por las plantas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">En cultivos en suelo, el empleo de bandejas de drenaje no es posible, se puede hacer el muestreo indirecto del drenaje mediante el uso de extractos saturados del suelo, este extracto es una soluci&oacute;n del suelo que se obtiene con la ayuda de un chupatubos. Para ello se recolecta una muestra de suelo a una profundidad correspondiente a las ra&iacute;ces de las plantas, esta muestra se coloca en un recipiente al cual se le inyecta el chupatubos para extraer la soluci&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Castellanos, J. Z. 2009. Manual de producci&oacute;n de tomate en invernadero. Editorial INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico.132-133.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2014-10-23 00:20:55","updated":"2021-08-05 22:03:26","published":"2014-10-26 21:03:21","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Preparacion y monitoreo de la solucion nutritiva.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Uno de los avances m&aacute;s importantes que se ha dado en la agricultura es el paso de los sistemas de riego por gravedad a los sistemas de riego por goteo o de alta precisi&oacute;n con empleo de soluciones nutritivas. Una soluci&oacute;n nutritiva es aquella que contiene los elementos esenciales para la nutrici&oacute;n de las plantas, a una concentraci&oacute;n ideal y relaciones &oacute;ptimas entre los elementos, de tal manera que favorecen la absorci&oacute;n nutrimental por el cultivo. El empleo de soluciones nutritivas permite hacer un manejo eficiente de los insumos, adem&aacute;s de <strong>disminuir la contaminaci&oacute;n del suelo y mantos fre&aacute;ticos<\/strong>. Con este m&eacute;todo es posible proporcionarle a las plantas las cantidades necesarias de nutrimentos de acuerdo a su estado fenol&oacute;gico y sus caracter&iacute;sticas genot&iacute;picas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t            <div class=\"row\">\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img class=\"center-block img-responsive\" alt=\"Jitomate verde\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art16-solucion-nutriti\/soluciones-nutritivas.JPG\" style=\"height:354px; width:295px\" \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Otro aspecto importante a considerar es el ahorro de agua ya que en sistemas de producci&oacute;n donde se emplea la soluci&oacute;n nutritiva, cerca del 70% del agua empleada se aprovecha en la absorci&oacute;n de las plantas mientras que en sistemas convencionales el aprovechamiento es aproximadamente de 10 a 20%, esto tomar&aacute; mayor importancia conforme la escasez del agua aumente y se elaboran legislaciones m&aacute;s estrictas para regular su uso.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Para la preparaci&oacute;n de soluciones nutritivas existen factores que hay que tomar en cuenta. En primer lugar necesitamos conocer el cultivo que se desea trabajar, as&iacute; como sus caracter&iacute;sticas fenol&oacute;gicas y gen&eacute;ticas ya que cada cultivo tiene diferentes demandas nutrimentales, adem&aacute;s estos requerimientos cambian conforme las plantas se desarrollan.&nbsp;Es importante tambi&eacute;n conocer la composici&oacute;n nutrimental del suelo o sustrato donde se va a plantar y del agua que se emplear&aacute; para el riego, conociendo estos factores se puede formular una soluci&oacute;n nutritiva ideal para el cultivo, al mismo tiempo propiciar un ahorro econ&oacute;mico para el productor pues existen suelos y aguas muy ricas en algunos nutrimentos como el Calcio y Magnesio. Por &uacute;ltimo, conociendo estos factores se debe de verificar cu&aacute;les fuentes de fertilizaci&oacute;n existen en el mercado para que sea posible abastecer a las plantas con todos los nutrimentos esenciales en concentraciones &oacute;ptimas.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">La concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n debe ser la requerida por el cultivo, hay que tomar en cuenta que cuando la concentraci&oacute;n de un nutrimento&nbsp; es mayor o menor a la ideal puede afectar negativamente a la absorci&oacute;n de otro nutrimento, por ejemplo,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"row\">\r\n            <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">una alta concentraci&oacute;n de Magnesio (Mg) disminuye la absorci&oacute;n de Calcio (Ca) por la ra&iacute;z y aplicaciones altas de f&oacute;sforo causan precipitaciones de Hierro (Fe) y Zinc (Zn), es por ello que es importante realizar el an&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;mico del suelo y del agua para que la cantidad de nutrimentos que contienen sean restados en el c&aacute;lculo de la soluci&oacute;n final. Actualmente ya&nbsp;existen <strong>hojas de c&aacute;lculo<\/strong> dise&ntilde;adas por empresas e investigadores especialistas en nutrici&oacute;n vegetal, estas hojas de c&aacute;lculo permiten realizar los c&aacute;lculos de una manera precisa por lo que su uso es altamente recomendable para calcular la cantidad de fertilizantes a agregar en una soluci&oacute;n nutritiva.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">El monitoreo de la soluci&oacute;n nutritiva es una herramienta que nos ayuda a verificar que los nutrimentos lleguen de forma oportuna a las plantas. La soluci&oacute;n inyectada a la ra&iacute;z de la planta debe tener un pH de 5.5 a 6.5 para facilitar el acceso nutrimental. El monitoreo de la concentraci&oacute;n de nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n se puede realizar con an&aacute;lisis peri&oacute;dicos de laboratorio o ayuda con mediciones en campo con medidores port&aacute;tiles de iones como el Ca, Mg, NO<\/span><sub>3<\/sub><span style=\"font-size:14px\">, K y Na, la ventaja de usar estos dispositivos port&aacute;tiles es que se conocen los resultados en el mismo momento. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">El monitoreo se realiza determinando la concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n del gotero para verificar que la composici&oacute;n nutrimental cumpla con los par&aacute;metros con los que la soluci&oacute;n fue formulada, en caso de detectar alg&uacute;n error se procede a ajustar la soluci&oacute;n. Para cultivos en sustrato se mide tambi&eacute;n la concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos en la soluci&oacute;n del drenaje, para obtener el drenado se puede hacer uso de las bandejas de drenaje donde se puede medir la cantidad de agua que la planta absorbe por d&iacute;a y recolectar el drenado para determinar sus propiedades como pH, CE y concentraci&oacute;n de los nutrimentos, esto ayuda a conocer la din&aacute;mica de absorci&oacute;n de nutrientes por las plantas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">En cultivos en suelo, el empleo de bandejas de drenaje no es posible, se puede hacer el muestreo indirecto del drenaje mediante el uso de extractos saturados del suelo, este extracto es una soluci&oacute;n del suelo que se obtiene con la ayuda de un chupatubos. Para ello se recolecta una muestra de suelo a una profundidad correspondiente a las ra&iacute;ces de las plantas, esta muestra se coloca en un recipiente al cual se le inyecta el chupatubos para extraer la soluci&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Castellanos, J. Z. 2009. Manual de producci&oacute;n de tomate en invernadero. Editorial INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico.132-133.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2014-10-23 00:20:55","updated":"2021-08-05 22:03:26","published":"2014-10-26 21:03:21","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"preparacion-monitoreo-dela-solucion-nutritiva","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"preparacion-monitoreo-dela-solucion-nutritiva","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}