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Las plantaciones en condiciones ambientales favorables se caracterizan por la abundancia de raíces y hormonas de crecimiento, haces vasculares limpios y un excelente vigor en el crecimiento. El manejo estratégico de la nutrición del cultivo de la vid tiene que ver con un suministro adecuado de los nutrimentos. Se tiene que tomar en cuenta que a veces los nutrimentos vienen en cantidades significativas en el agua de riego y  aportes del suelo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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<\/div>\r\n
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\"Cultivo<\/p>\r\n

Figura 1. Cultivo de vid en etapa vegetativa.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Otro aspecto importante es la identificación de las características de la plantación. Si éstas corresponden a una plantación juvenil, la estrategia general de manejo que se propone en el caso del nitrógeno, es aplicar poco fertilizante o incluso cuando el suelo y el agua son ricos en nitrógeno puede ser cero, es por ello que se debe monitorear de cerca, a través de análisis del suelo, de hoja, de fruto y de agua, y los niveles deben ser congruentes con los estándares sugeridos para esos análisis. No realizar los análisis mencionados puede ser un ahorro mal entendido ya que si no tenemos información, no tenemos diagnóstico.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En el manejo del suministro de los cationes, se recomienda mantener un alto aporte de potasio (K), calcio (Ca) y magnesio (Mg) en el suelo y en el follaje. Esto  a través de análisis foliares, hay que contrastar que la planta está incorporando lo aplicado a sus tejidos. Si el patrón está sobre portainjerto la deficiencia de Mg y el exceso de vigor se puede acentuar ya que la mayoría de los portainjertos tienden a absorber menos Mg. Existen fertilizantes foliares que ayudan a evitar deficiencia de Mg, esto es más costoso inicialmente pero si se desea obtener un buen rendimiento se opta por aplicarlo. Además, se han observado avances muy importantes en lo referente a mejoramiento de calidad de fruta cuando se aplican productos de terminación de fruta (fertilizantes foliares y\/o radiculares - bioestimulantes).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En el suministro de los cationes se recomienda mantener una relación aproximada de 4:1 de K y Mg en el programa nutricional. Es decir, si se aplica 200 unidades de K se debe aplicar 50 unidades de Mg. Un ejemplo práctico es la etapa de fructificación, se requiere aumentar el suministro de K para obtener frutas de calidad, sin embargo, en esta tarea a los productores se les olvida el Mg en ocasiones, es por ello que si se va a incrementar la aplicación de K se debe de hacerse gradualmente con el Mg manteniendo la relación 4:1, esto ha funcionado bastante bien para evitar deteriorar la absorción de Mg. Es conveniente complementar con aplicaciones foliares para aprovechar todas las posibilidades que ofrece la planta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En estas condiciones se debe limitar el uso de NH4<\/sub> ya que por su radio iónico hidratado genera antagonismo con el Mg y el Ca. Incluso compite con el K, pese a que este último tiene similitud con el NH4<\/sub>. El radio iónico hidratado del K y del NH4<\/sub> hace que compitan mucho mejor por la entrada de la planta que el Ca y el Mg que son cationes divalentes (++) con un radio iónico mayor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Es por ello que en un manejo estratégico, donde el interés es que la planta absorba Mg y Ca no se debe de aplicar NH4<\/sub>. Sin embargo, no es recomendable omitir completamente el amonio del programa de nutrición sólo hay que ser muy cuidadoso en su suministro. Es en este punto que el N nítrico es de gran ayuda, se sugiere una relación de 1:1, 3:1 o 2:1. La relación nítrico\/amoniacal es preferida por la planta que la aplicación de estos por separado<\/strong>. Existen bases fisiológicas bien establecidas que indican que la relación nítrico\/amoniacal es siempre más efectiva, en particular en las especies de clima templado o templado cálido como lo es la vid. En las etapas vegetativas del cultivo, la relación no debiera ir más allá de 1:1 e incluso puede ser 2:1. En las etapas de crecimiento de racimo se puede llegar a 3:1 o 4:1; incluso se han probado relaciones de 9:1 y han funcionado muy bien, pero al eliminar el aporte amoniacal del programa de nutrición las plantas se recienten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Fuente:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Román, S. 2013. Estrategias de manejo nutricional de uva de mesa. Revista Red Agrícola. 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Se tiene que tomar en cuenta que a veces los nutrimentos vienen en cantidades significativas en el agua de riego y aportes del suelo.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art17-cationes-vid\/vi%C3%83%C2%B1edo-produccion-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":"","keywords":"manejo estrategico, cationes en el cultivo de la vid, nutrición.","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Frutales\/24. Manejo estrategico en el suministro de los cationes en el cultivo de la vid.pdf","text":"
\r\n
\r\n

Las plantaciones en condiciones ambientales favorables se caracterizan por la abundancia de raíces y hormonas de crecimiento, haces vasculares limpios y un excelente vigor en el crecimiento. El manejo estratégico de la nutrición del cultivo de la vid tiene que ver con un suministro adecuado de los nutrimentos. Se tiene que tomar en cuenta que a veces los nutrimentos vienen en cantidades significativas en el agua de riego y  aportes del suelo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

\"Cultivo<\/p>\r\n

Figura 1. Cultivo de vid en etapa vegetativa.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Otro aspecto importante es la identificación de las características de la plantación. Si éstas corresponden a una plantación juvenil, la estrategia general de manejo que se propone en el caso del nitrógeno, es aplicar poco fertilizante o incluso cuando el suelo y el agua son ricos en nitrógeno puede ser cero, es por ello que se debe monitorear de cerca, a través de análisis del suelo, de hoja, de fruto y de agua, y los niveles deben ser congruentes con los estándares sugeridos para esos análisis. No realizar los análisis mencionados puede ser un ahorro mal entendido ya que si no tenemos información, no tenemos diagnóstico.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En el manejo del suministro de los cationes, se recomienda mantener un alto aporte de potasio (K), calcio (Ca) y magnesio (Mg) en el suelo y en el follaje. Esto  a través de análisis foliares, hay que contrastar que la planta está incorporando lo aplicado a sus tejidos. Si el patrón está sobre portainjerto la deficiencia de Mg y el exceso de vigor se puede acentuar ya que la mayoría de los portainjertos tienden a absorber menos Mg. Existen fertilizantes foliares que ayudan a evitar deficiencia de Mg, esto es más costoso inicialmente pero si se desea obtener un buen rendimiento se opta por aplicarlo. Además, se han observado avances muy importantes en lo referente a mejoramiento de calidad de fruta cuando se aplican productos de terminación de fruta (fertilizantes foliares y\/o radiculares - bioestimulantes).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En el suministro de los cationes se recomienda mantener una relación aproximada de 4:1 de K y Mg en el programa nutricional. Es decir, si se aplica 200 unidades de K se debe aplicar 50 unidades de Mg. Un ejemplo práctico es la etapa de fructificación, se requiere aumentar el suministro de K para obtener frutas de calidad, sin embargo, en esta tarea a los productores se les olvida el Mg en ocasiones, es por ello que si se va a incrementar la aplicación de K se debe de hacerse gradualmente con el Mg manteniendo la relación 4:1, esto ha funcionado bastante bien para evitar deteriorar la absorción de Mg. Es conveniente complementar con aplicaciones foliares para aprovechar todas las posibilidades que ofrece la planta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En estas condiciones se debe limitar el uso de NH4<\/sub> ya que por su radio iónico hidratado genera antagonismo con el Mg y el Ca. Incluso compite con el K, pese a que este último tiene similitud con el NH4<\/sub>. El radio iónico hidratado del K y del NH4<\/sub> hace que compitan mucho mejor por la entrada de la planta que el Ca y el Mg que son cationes divalentes (++) con un radio iónico mayor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Es por ello que en un manejo estratégico, donde el interés es que la planta absorba Mg y Ca no se debe de aplicar NH4<\/sub>. Sin embargo, no es recomendable omitir completamente el amonio del programa de nutrición sólo hay que ser muy cuidadoso en su suministro. Es en este punto que el N nítrico es de gran ayuda, se sugiere una relación de 1:1, 3:1 o 2:1. La relación nítrico\/amoniacal es preferida por la planta que la aplicación de estos por separado<\/strong>. Existen bases fisiológicas bien establecidas que indican que la relación nítrico\/amoniacal es siempre más efectiva, en particular en las especies de clima templado o templado cálido como lo es la vid. En las etapas vegetativas del cultivo, la relación no debiera ir más allá de 1:1 e incluso puede ser 2:1. En las etapas de crecimiento de racimo se puede llegar a 3:1 o 4:1; incluso se han probado relaciones de 9:1 y han funcionado muy bien, pero al eliminar el aporte amoniacal del programa de nutrición las plantas se recienten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Fuente:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Román, S. 2013. Estrategias de manejo nutricional de uva de mesa. Revista Red Agrícola. Chile<\/span>. <\/em><\/h1>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2014-10-26 18:30:11","updated":"2021-07-07 20:16:56","published":"2014-10-26 18:37:37","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"manejo-de-cationes-enel-cultivo-dela-vid","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"manejo-de-cationes-enel-cultivo-dela-vid","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}