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El ritmo de crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de tomate es controlado por factores como: genotipo, clima, riego y fertilización. Una práctica cultural habitual que se realiza al cultivo para manipular el crecimiento de la planta y el fruto es la poda de hojas y brotes, la cual es obligada en variedades de tomate de crecimiento indeterminado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

La poda de hojas o deshojado, es una práctica que consiste en remover las hojas senescentes inferiores (hojas viejas o dañadas) por debajo del último racimo que va madurando, dejando un racimo adicional descubierto. Con el deshojado se consigue una mejor ventilación,  uniformidad en la coloración de los frutos y mayor eficiencia en la aplicación de agroquímicos, por lo tanto, el deshoje se debe realizar de manera periódica, procurando no quitar más de tres hojas a la vez para evitar un desbalance energético e hídrico que agote a la planta y repercuta en el rendimiento del mismo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 1. La poda de las hojas mejora la coloración de los frutos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

frutos.\r\nFoto: Víctor Vázquez, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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La poda de brotes o también llamada “desbrote”, consiste en quitar brotes o lo que comúnmente se le conoce como “chupones” de las axilas de las hojas. Es aconsejable eliminarlos cuando tengan alrededor de 5 cm de longitud, de tal manera que las cicatrices sean pequeñas y se reduzca el riesgo de enfermedades. El número de podas de brotes dependerá del estado de desarrollo de la planta, en general se recomienda desbrotar dos veces por semana cuando la planta se encuentre en estado vegetativo y una vez cuando se encuentre en estado reproductivo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

La poda de brotes y hojas debe ser limpia a ras de tallo para evitar el ataque de enfermedades como Botrytis<\/em>. Existen dos métodos para llevar a cabo estas prácticas: el mecánico, que consiste en emplear tijeras desinfectadas (con yodo, permanganato de potasio, hipoclorito de sodio o sales cuaternarias de amonio) para evitar el ataque de patógenos; y el método manual, donde se da un tirón hacia arriba aprovechando el punto de unión entre tallo y hoja.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Figura 2. La poda de brotes consiste en quitar los “chupones”, que son brotes axilares de la planta.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Intagri.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Tanto la poda de brotes como la de hojas deben realizarse oportunamente, ya que por ejemplo: en el primer caso se ha encontrado que a medida que incrementa el tamaño del brote el rendimiento se ve reducido, esto debido a que los brotes muestran un mayor vigor por cuestiones hormonales, ocasionando que gran parte de los nutrimentos vayan hacia ellos y no al fruto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 3. La poda de hojas y brotes mejoran el tamaño y uniformidad de frutos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto. Intagri.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 4. Se recomienda eliminar brotes de 5 cm de longitud.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Intagri.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Se ha encontrado que estas prácticas afectan la distribución del floema, tejido encargado del transporte de los azúcares (materia prima para realizar las funciones metabólicas de la planta) que van hacia frutos y hojas. Basados en lo anterior, se ha descubierto que entre más temprana sea la etapa de poda en la planta, se favorece una mayor distribución del floema hacia los frutos, con lo cual existe una mayor acumulación de azúcares, agua y materia seca. Es entonces bajo este principio fisiológico que recae el fundamento de realizar podas, mejorando con ello la productividad del cultivo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Fuentes consultadas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Castellanos, J. Z. 2009. Manual de Producción de Tomate en Invernadero. Editorial INTAGRI. México. 369 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\"Curso<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Una práctica cultural habitual que se realiza al cultivo para manipular el crecimiento de la planta y el fruto es la poda de hojas y brotes, la cual es obligada en variedades de tomate de crecimiento indeterminado. La poda de hojas o deshojado, es una práctica que consiste en remover las hojas senescentes inferiores (hojas viejas o dañadas) por debajo del último racimo que va madurando, dejando un racimo adicional descubierto.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/8Horticultura-Protegida\/art224-por-que-podas\/PODA-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":4,"related":"","keywords":"realiza,poda,tomate","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Horticultura Protegida\/16. Por que se Realiza la Poda en Tomate.pdf","text":"

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El ritmo de crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de tomate es controlado por factores como: genotipo, clima, riego y fertilización. Una práctica cultural habitual que se realiza al cultivo para manipular el crecimiento de la planta y el fruto es la poda de hojas y brotes, la cual es obligada en variedades de tomate de crecimiento indeterminado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

La poda de hojas o deshojado, es una práctica que consiste en remover las hojas senescentes inferiores (hojas viejas o dañadas) por debajo del último racimo que va madurando, dejando un racimo adicional descubierto. Con el deshojado se consigue una mejor ventilación,  uniformidad en la coloración de los frutos y mayor eficiencia en la aplicación de agroquímicos, por lo tanto, el deshoje se debe realizar de manera periódica, procurando no quitar más de tres hojas a la vez para evitar un desbalance energético e hídrico que agote a la planta y repercuta en el rendimiento del mismo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 1. La poda de las hojas mejora la coloración de los frutos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

frutos.\r\nFoto: Víctor Vázquez, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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 <\/div>\r\n\r\n
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La poda de brotes o también llamada “desbrote”, consiste en quitar brotes o lo que comúnmente se le conoce como “chupones” de las axilas de las hojas. Es aconsejable eliminarlos cuando tengan alrededor de 5 cm de longitud, de tal manera que las cicatrices sean pequeñas y se reduzca el riesgo de enfermedades. El número de podas de brotes dependerá del estado de desarrollo de la planta, en general se recomienda desbrotar dos veces por semana cuando la planta se encuentre en estado vegetativo y una vez cuando se encuentre en estado reproductivo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

La poda de brotes y hojas debe ser limpia a ras de tallo para evitar el ataque de enfermedades como Botrytis<\/em>. Existen dos métodos para llevar a cabo estas prácticas: el mecánico, que consiste en emplear tijeras desinfectadas (con yodo, permanganato de potasio, hipoclorito de sodio o sales cuaternarias de amonio) para evitar el ataque de patógenos; y el método manual, donde se da un tirón hacia arriba aprovechando el punto de unión entre tallo y hoja.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Figura 2. La poda de brotes consiste en quitar los “chupones”, que son brotes axilares de la planta.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Intagri.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Tanto la poda de brotes como la de hojas deben realizarse oportunamente, ya que por ejemplo: en el primer caso se ha encontrado que a medida que incrementa el tamaño del brote el rendimiento se ve reducido, esto debido a que los brotes muestran un mayor vigor por cuestiones hormonales, ocasionando que gran parte de los nutrimentos vayan hacia ellos y no al fruto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 3. La poda de hojas y brotes mejoran el tamaño y uniformidad de frutos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto. Intagri.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 4. Se recomienda eliminar brotes de 5 cm de longitud.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Intagri.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Se ha encontrado que estas prácticas afectan la distribución del floema, tejido encargado del transporte de los azúcares (materia prima para realizar las funciones metabólicas de la planta) que van hacia frutos y hojas. Basados en lo anterior, se ha descubierto que entre más temprana sea la etapa de poda en la planta, se favorece una mayor distribución del floema hacia los frutos, con lo cual existe una mayor acumulación de azúcares, agua y materia seca. Es entonces bajo este principio fisiológico que recae el fundamento de realizar podas, mejorando con ello la productividad del cultivo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Fuentes consultadas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Castellanos, J. Z. 2009. Manual de Producción de Tomate en Invernadero. Editorial INTAGRI. México. 369 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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\"Curso<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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