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La saturación del mercado de hortalizas producidas en invernadero obliga a los productores a buscar nuevas alternativas para hacer redituable su labor. Un cultivo que ha adquirido mucha aceptación en mercados selectos es el pimiento mini gracias a su dulce sabor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

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El rendimiento de estas variedades producidas bajo invernadero oscila alrededor de los 9 kg\/m2<\/sup>, sin embargo, el precio de hasta tres dólares por kilogramo las convierte en una opción bastante atractiva. La producción de los pimientos mini alcanza ya una superficie de 140 hectáreas en campos certificados que se ubican principalmente en Baja California y Sinaloa, aunque ahora también se están cultivando en otras regiones del centro del país.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Figura 1. Pimiento mini, un cultivo alternativo. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Suelen sembrarse 3 colores distintos en la misma explotación agrícola y, dado que se ha encontrado que el vigor de cada uno es diferente, lo ideal es separar cada color en distintos sectores de riego. El pimiento de color naranja necesita un poco más de nitrógeno que las variedades roja y amarilla, por lo que a una misma fertilización, su crecimiento es más lento. En el Bajío se realizaron algunas evaluaciones en un cultivo comercial; se tomaron datos de fenología (crecimiento semanal), valores nutrimentales en extracto de peciolo y se evaluaron 4 densidades diferentes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

En promedio los mini pimientos tienen 2 pulgadas de longitud, y se clasifican en chicos (menores de 4 cm), medianos (de 4 a 6 cm) y grandes (de 6 a 9 cm). Sólo se rechazan aquellos frutos de menos de 4 cm de longitud, se obtuvieron buenas calidades obteniendo menos de un 5% de merma. Los pesos por chile van desde los 15 hasta los 50 gramos. Suelen tener un promedio de 12 grados Brix.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

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Una ventaja del cultivo de pimientos mini sobre los pimientos convencionales es que la exigencia del comprador en cuanto a calidad (tamaño y forma) es menor y son menos susceptibles al cracking. Esto permite que se facilite su manejo, al disminuir la necesidad de podas o raleos.  Considerando estas características se decidió utilizar el tutorado en espaldera, tipo español; que a diferencia del holandés (high wire), que predomina en los invernaderos mexicanos, requiere menor inversión en mano de obra.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Para las variedades evaluadas de acuerdo a la metodología propuesta por Castellanos y Ojodeagua se obtuvo que el diámetro de tallo promedio fue de 0.64 cm y se obtuvo un crecimiento semanal de 9 cm en el ciclo de cultivo.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Figura 2. Suelen sembrarse 3 colores distintos (naranja, roja y amarilla). <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Se evaluaron 4 densidades de plantación a través de la variación de la distancia entre plantas (40, 29, 22 y 18 cm). En el siguiente cuadro se presentan el número de frutos en cada caso, a los 3 meses después del transplante, considerado un momento representativo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

\"Tabla\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Aunque hay más plantas en el caso D, el número de frutos totales es mayor en al caso A. Teniendo 40 cm de distancia entre plantas se tiene un mayor número de frutos por planta, si agregamos la mayor facilidad de manejo, menos riesgos fitosanitarios y menor costo de plántula, en definitiva la mejor densidad es aquella que resulta de colocar las plantas a 40 cm de distancia en la zona y condiciones evaluadas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

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Semanalmente se tomaron muestras de peciolo, se maceraban usando una prensa extractora y se analizaron los contenidos de nitratos y de potasio con equipos Horiba. Se observó que un buen parámetro durante la etapa de producción es tener un nivel por encima de 5,000 mg\/l de potasio y mayor de 1,000 mg\/l de nitrógeno en forma nítrica.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Los mini pimientos, como cualquier otra especialidad, tienen un mercado reducido. El riesgo en México de producir indiscriminadamente este cultivo es que habrá variedades mejor adaptadas a los invernaderos de la región, y en pocos años se puede convertir en un "commodity" más. Posiblemente las excelentes liquidaciones del mini pimiento, no duren demasiado y hay una curva de aprendizaje que se debe pagar; sin embargo, la agricultura exitosa suele estar en manos de aquellos que arriesgan más, por lo que es una decisión válida de tomar.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 2. Suelen sembrarse 3 colores distintos (naranja, roja y amarilla). <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Extracto del Trabajo Fin de Máster desarrollado en el programa de la Universidad de Almería e Intagri.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-02-03 02:44:18","updated":"2018-07-06 14:43:57","published":"2016-02-03 02:48:20","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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La producción de los pimientos mini alcanza ya una superficie de 140 hectáreas en campos certificados que se ubican principalmente en Baja California y Sinaloa, aunque ahora también se están cultivando en otras regiones del centro del país.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/8Horticultura-Protegida\/art208-cultivo-de-pimiento\/MINI%20PEPPER-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":4,"related":"","keywords":"cultivo,pimientos,mini,agronegocio","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Horticultura Protegida\/15. Cultivo de pimientos mini una alternativa de agronegocio.pdf","text":"\r\n

\r\n
\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

La saturación del mercado de hortalizas producidas en invernadero obliga a los productores a buscar nuevas alternativas para hacer redituable su labor. Un cultivo que ha adquirido mucha aceptación en mercados selectos es el pimiento mini gracias a su dulce sabor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

\r\n
\r\n \r\n\r\n

El rendimiento de estas variedades producidas bajo invernadero oscila alrededor de los 9 kg\/m2<\/sup>, sin embargo, el precio de hasta tres dólares por kilogramo las convierte en una opción bastante atractiva. La producción de los pimientos mini alcanza ya una superficie de 140 hectáreas en campos certificados que se ubican principalmente en Baja California y Sinaloa, aunque ahora también se están cultivando en otras regiones del centro del país.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 1. Pimiento mini, un cultivo alternativo. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Suelen sembrarse 3 colores distintos en la misma explotación agrícola y, dado que se ha encontrado que el vigor de cada uno es diferente, lo ideal es separar cada color en distintos sectores de riego. El pimiento de color naranja necesita un poco más de nitrógeno que las variedades roja y amarilla, por lo que a una misma fertilización, su crecimiento es más lento. En el Bajío se realizaron algunas evaluaciones en un cultivo comercial; se tomaron datos de fenología (crecimiento semanal), valores nutrimentales en extracto de peciolo y se evaluaron 4 densidades diferentes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

En promedio los mini pimientos tienen 2 pulgadas de longitud, y se clasifican en chicos (menores de 4 cm), medianos (de 4 a 6 cm) y grandes (de 6 a 9 cm). Sólo se rechazan aquellos frutos de menos de 4 cm de longitud, se obtuvieron buenas calidades obteniendo menos de un 5% de merma. Los pesos por chile van desde los 15 hasta los 50 gramos. Suelen tener un promedio de 12 grados Brix.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

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Una ventaja del cultivo de pimientos mini sobre los pimientos convencionales es que la exigencia del comprador en cuanto a calidad (tamaño y forma) es menor y son menos susceptibles al cracking. Esto permite que se facilite su manejo, al disminuir la necesidad de podas o raleos.  Considerando estas características se decidió utilizar el tutorado en espaldera, tipo español; que a diferencia del holandés (high wire), que predomina en los invernaderos mexicanos, requiere menor inversión en mano de obra.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Para las variedades evaluadas de acuerdo a la metodología propuesta por Castellanos y Ojodeagua se obtuvo que el diámetro de tallo promedio fue de 0.64 cm y se obtuvo un crecimiento semanal de 9 cm en el ciclo de cultivo.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 2. Suelen sembrarse 3 colores distintos (naranja, roja y amarilla). <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Se evaluaron 4 densidades de plantación a través de la variación de la distancia entre plantas (40, 29, 22 y 18 cm). En el siguiente cuadro se presentan el número de frutos en cada caso, a los 3 meses después del transplante, considerado un momento representativo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

\"Tabla\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Aunque hay más plantas en el caso D, el número de frutos totales es mayor en al caso A. Teniendo 40 cm de distancia entre plantas se tiene un mayor número de frutos por planta, si agregamos la mayor facilidad de manejo, menos riesgos fitosanitarios y menor costo de plántula, en definitiva la mejor densidad es aquella que resulta de colocar las plantas a 40 cm de distancia en la zona y condiciones evaluadas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

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Semanalmente se tomaron muestras de peciolo, se maceraban usando una prensa extractora y se analizaron los contenidos de nitratos y de potasio con equipos Horiba. Se observó que un buen parámetro durante la etapa de producción es tener un nivel por encima de 5,000 mg\/l de potasio y mayor de 1,000 mg\/l de nitrógeno en forma nítrica.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Los mini pimientos, como cualquier otra especialidad, tienen un mercado reducido. El riesgo en México de producir indiscriminadamente este cultivo es que habrá variedades mejor adaptadas a los invernaderos de la región, y en pocos años se puede convertir en un "commodity" más. Posiblemente las excelentes liquidaciones del mini pimiento, no duren demasiado y hay una curva de aprendizaje que se debe pagar; sin embargo, la agricultura exitosa suele estar en manos de aquellos que arriesgan más, por lo que es una decisión válida de tomar.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 2. Suelen sembrarse 3 colores distintos (naranja, roja y amarilla). <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Extracto del Trabajo Fin de Máster desarrollado en el programa de la Universidad de Almería e Intagri.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-02-03 02:44:18","updated":"2018-07-06 14:43:57","published":"2016-02-03 02:48:20","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/horticultura-protegida"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"horticultura-protegida","article":"cultivo-de-pimientos-mini-agronegocio","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"horticultura-protegida","article":"cultivo-de-pimientos-mini-agronegocio","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}