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El injerto en plantas es la unión de una porción de tejido vegetal viviente de dos plantas distintas para que se desarrollen como una sola planta (Hartmann et al., 2002). En el ámbito comercial el tomate es la especie que se injerta más con diversos propósitos como: reducir la infección causada por hongos y nematodos del suelo, tolerancia a estrés por temperatura, tolerancia a salinidad, tolerancia a sequias, incrementar el vigor de las plantas, aumentar el rendimiento, conseguir mejor absorción de nutrimentos y reducir el uso de plaguicidas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n Figura 1. Planta de tomate injertada<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t Fuente: INTAGRI, 2017<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n Uno de los aspectos que se debe conocer antes de implementar el injerto es sobre los portainjertos disponibles en el mercado, sus ventajas y desventajas, a continuación se enlistan los portainjertos disponibles actualmente (Fonseca, 2013). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Maxifort (De Ruiter Seeds). <\/strong>Se trata de un cultivar comercial de portainjertos para su utilización tanto en tomate como en berejena. Se diferencia con "Beaufort", en que presenta un mayor vigor, mejor comportamiento a las bajas temperaturas y en condiciones de alta salinidad. Está especialmente indicado para su utilización con cultivares de poca vegetación, con poco vigor, poco tamaño y en condiciones de cultivo muy extremas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n RESISTENCIAS GENÉTICAS: ToMV \/ Fol: 0,1 \/ For \/ Pl \/ Va \/ Vd \/ Ma \/ Mi \/ Mj<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Multifort (De Ruiter Seeds). <\/strong>Portainjerto compatible con berenjena y tomate. Híbrido interespecífico que posee un vigor similar a Maxifort. Mejora a Maxifort en su resistencia genética a la tercera raza de Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n RESISTENCIAS GENÉTICAS: ToMV \/ Fol: 0,2 \/ For \/ Pl \/ Va \/ Vd \/ Ma \/ Mi \/ Mj<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n Colosus RZ F1 (Rijk zwaan). <\/strong>Portainjerto para tomate con gran vigor y sistema radicular potente. Buen comportamiento en ciclos de cultivo largo. Gran producción de frutos de buena calidad. HR: ToMV:0-2\/Fol:0-2\/For\/Pl\/Va:0\/Vd:0. IR: Ma\/Mi\/Mj.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Silex (Semillas Fito). <\/strong>Es un portainjertos (jitomates) de vigor intermedio y potente sistema radicular. Permite potenciar la variedad o cultivar en los aspectos de producción y calibre del fruto manteniendo la calidad y uniformidad del fruto de tomate sin aumentar el vigor de la planta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n RESISTENCIAS DE SILEX: ToMV \/ Mi \/ Fol: 1,2 \/ For \/ Vd \/ PI<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Armstrong (Syngenta).<\/strong> Germinación y vigor con comportamiento generativo y cuenta con las siguiente características.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Armstrong es un portainjertos interespecífico que destaca por sus altos valores de germinación, uniformidad y planta útil para injertar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Buen grosor de planta y altura de hipocotilo, lo cual facilita el injertado.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Su sistema radicular pivotante va acompañado de un sistema de pelos absorbentes muy denso y con alta capacidad de renovación de raíces, lo cual le confiere un gran comportamiento para cultivos de ciclo largo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t El vigor que Armstrong es medio-alto y aporta al cultivo un comportamiento generativo, es decir, no incrementa la vegetación sino que favorece la floración, cuajado y engorde de frutos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Ideal para injertar en variedades de vigor alto muy vegetativas, ya que modera su comportamiento. También para variedades de vigor medio, ya que puede aumentar su potencial productivo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Planta muy productiva, siéndolo especialmente en los meses de invierno donde las temperaturas suelen ser más bajas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Portainjertos de fácil manejo cultural debido a su versatilidad y plasticidad: es decir, puede utilizarse para diversas condiciones de cultivo, como condiciones de estrés o salinidad.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Resistencia alta HR: Ff: 1-5 \/ Fol: 1, 2 \/ For \/ V \/ ToMV: 0-2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Resistencia intermedia IR: Pl \/ M.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n Arnold (Syngenta).<\/strong> Germinación y vigor con buen equilibrio para la planta y cuenta con las siguientes características.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Arnold es un portainjertos interespecífico que destaca por sus altos valores de germinación, uniformidad y planta útil para injertar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Buen grosor de planta y altura de hipocotilo, lo cual facilita el injertado.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Su sistema radicular es potente y con alta tasa de renovación, lo cual confiere a la planta de un vigor y equilibrio adecuados para hacer frente a ciclos de cultivo largos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n Significado de las abreviaturas<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n ToMV: Virus del Mosaico del Tomate<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Fol: Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n PI: Pyrenochaeta lycopersici<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Va: Verticillium albo-atrum<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Vd: Verticillium dahliae<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Ma: Meloidogyne arenaria<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Mi: Meloidogyne incognita<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Mj: Meloidogyne javanica<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Fuentes<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Hartmann, H. T., D. E. Kester, F. T. Davies, Jr. y R. L. Geneve. 2002. Plant propagation, principles and practices. 7th ed. Prentice Hall, N. J., USA. 880 p. 75:381-389. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Fonseca, A. E. 2013. 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Variedades de portainjerto de tomates.pdf","text":" El injerto en plantas es la unión de una porción de tejido vegetal viviente de dos plantas distintas para que se desarrollen como una sola planta (Hartmann et al., 2002). En el ámbito comercial el tomate es la especie que se injerta más con diversos propósitos como: reducir la infección causada por hongos y nematodos del suelo, tolerancia a estrés por temperatura, tolerancia a salinidad, tolerancia a sequias, incrementar el vigor de las plantas, aumentar el rendimiento, conseguir mejor absorción de nutrimentos y reducir el uso de plaguicidas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n Figura 1. Planta de tomate injertada<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t Fuente: INTAGRI, 2017<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n Uno de los aspectos que se debe conocer antes de implementar el injerto es sobre los portainjertos disponibles en el mercado, sus ventajas y desventajas, a continuación se enlistan los portainjertos disponibles actualmente (Fonseca, 2013). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Maxifort (De Ruiter Seeds). <\/strong>Se trata de un cultivar comercial de portainjertos para su utilización tanto en tomate como en berejena. Se diferencia con "Beaufort", en que presenta un mayor vigor, mejor comportamiento a las bajas temperaturas y en condiciones de alta salinidad. Está especialmente indicado para su utilización con cultivares de poca vegetación, con poco vigor, poco tamaño y en condiciones de cultivo muy extremas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n RESISTENCIAS GENÉTICAS: ToMV \/ Fol: 0,1 \/ For \/ Pl \/ Va \/ Vd \/ Ma \/ Mi \/ Mj<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Multifort (De Ruiter Seeds). <\/strong>Portainjerto compatible con berenjena y tomate. Híbrido interespecífico que posee un vigor similar a Maxifort. Mejora a Maxifort en su resistencia genética a la tercera raza de Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n RESISTENCIAS GENÉTICAS: ToMV \/ Fol: 0,2 \/ For \/ Pl \/ Va \/ Vd \/ Ma \/ Mi \/ Mj<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n Colosus RZ F1 (Rijk zwaan). <\/strong>Portainjerto para tomate con gran vigor y sistema radicular potente. Buen comportamiento en ciclos de cultivo largo. Gran producción de frutos de buena calidad. HR: ToMV:0-2\/Fol:0-2\/For\/Pl\/Va:0\/Vd:0. IR: Ma\/Mi\/Mj.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Silex (Semillas Fito). <\/strong>Es un portainjertos (jitomates) de vigor intermedio y potente sistema radicular. Permite potenciar la variedad o cultivar en los aspectos de producción y calibre del fruto manteniendo la calidad y uniformidad del fruto de tomate sin aumentar el vigor de la planta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n RESISTENCIAS DE SILEX: ToMV \/ Mi \/ Fol: 1,2 \/ For \/ Vd \/ PI<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Armstrong (Syngenta).<\/strong> Germinación y vigor con comportamiento generativo y cuenta con las siguiente características.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Armstrong es un portainjertos interespecífico que destaca por sus altos valores de germinación, uniformidad y planta útil para injertar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Buen grosor de planta y altura de hipocotilo, lo cual facilita el injertado.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Su sistema radicular pivotante va acompañado de un sistema de pelos absorbentes muy denso y con alta capacidad de renovación de raíces, lo cual le confiere un gran comportamiento para cultivos de ciclo largo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t El vigor que Armstrong es medio-alto y aporta al cultivo un comportamiento generativo, es decir, no incrementa la vegetación sino que favorece la floración, cuajado y engorde de frutos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Ideal para injertar en variedades de vigor alto muy vegetativas, ya que modera su comportamiento. También para variedades de vigor medio, ya que puede aumentar su potencial productivo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Planta muy productiva, siéndolo especialmente en los meses de invierno donde las temperaturas suelen ser más bajas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Portainjertos de fácil manejo cultural debido a su versatilidad y plasticidad: es decir, puede utilizarse para diversas condiciones de cultivo, como condiciones de estrés o salinidad.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Resistencia alta HR: Ff: 1-5 \/ Fol: 1, 2 \/ For \/ V \/ ToMV: 0-2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Resistencia intermedia IR: Pl \/ M.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n Arnold (Syngenta).<\/strong> Germinación y vigor con buen equilibrio para la planta y cuenta con las siguientes características.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Arnold es un portainjertos interespecífico que destaca por sus altos valores de germinación, uniformidad y planta útil para injertar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t Buen grosor de planta y altura de hipocotilo, lo cual facilita el injertado.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t\r\n
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