{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":321,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":639,"views":16384,"title":"Síndrome Ascítico en Pollos de Engorda","fb_title":"","link":"sindrome-ascitico-en-pollos-de-engorda","desc":"El Síndrome Ascítico es una alteración fisiológica en el grosor de las capas del corazón debido a la acumulación de líquido en cavidad abdominal. En general se puede considerar como una manifestación de insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva derecha, provocando hipertensión hidrostática venosa generalizada o una hipertrofia cardiaca derecha. Existen muchos factores predisponentes para causar el síndrome ascítico; estos pueden ser genéticos, alimenticios y climáticos, incluidos la ventilación de la granja y su temperatura. Este problema aumentó debido a su rápido crecimiento y corta de edad para que las aves puedan lograr su meta productiva. Como resultado se presenta el síndrome.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/pollo.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Avicultura, ascitis, ganancia de peso","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/42. Sindrome Ascitico en pollos de engorda.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><strong><em><span style=\"color:#006400\">Autores: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El desarrollo de la avicultura en &aacute;reas de gen&eacute;tica y nutrici&oacute;n ha permitido obtener las l&iacute;neas de pollo de engorda actuales. Sin embargo, este beneficio ha tenido que pagar un alto costo metab&oacute;lico, que se refleja en nuevos problemas que causan elevada mortalidad en las parvadas, como es el caso del S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico (SA), que cada d&iacute;a se presenta con una mayor incidencia sin respetar programas de medicina preventiva, &eacute;poca del a&ntilde;o o tipo de instalaciones, y que puede afectar severamente la econom&iacute;a de las empresas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Este S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico ha aumentado estos &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os debido a la necesidad de acortar el tiempo de sacrificio, como consecuencia se produce este s&iacute;ndrome, debido al aceleramiento de la ganancia de peso y mayor conversi&oacute;n, por lo tanto las aves tienen mayores exigencias de ox&iacute;geno y una aceleraci&oacute;n metab&oacute;lica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En M&eacute;xico se expone que la incidencia de ascitis en relaci&oacute;n a la mortalidad general de los pollos de engorda es de un 36 %.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La ascitis es una enfermedad, una condici&oacute;n patol&oacute;gica que se caracteriza por la acumulaci&oacute;n de l&iacute;quido en la cavidad abdominal y es producida por las causas generales de edema. El s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico puede considerarse como una manifestaci&oacute;n de una insuficiencia card&iacute;aca congestiva derecha, que provoca una hipertensi&oacute;n hidrost&aacute;tica venosa generalizada, hipertrofia cardiaca derecha y edema.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Las líneas pesadas son las más susceptibles debido a su rápido metabolismo.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/metabolismo.jpg\" style=\"height:373px; width:555px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 1. Las l&iacute;neas pesadas son las m&aacute;s susceptibles debido a su r&aacute;pido metabolismo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"toggle\">\r\n<!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Caracter&iacute;sticas del S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los pollos afectados presentan un abdomen severamente distendido, intolerancia al movimiento, problemas respiratorios y cianosis. El pulm&oacute;n permanece relativamente peque&ntilde;o contra las dimensiones corporales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Importancia econ&oacute;mica<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">A pesar de las investigaciones sobre el s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico hechas durante muchos a&ntilde;os, es todav&iacute;a un estado que ocasiona p&eacute;rdidas financieras a los avicultores. Se calcula que de los 40 mil millones de pollo de engorda que anualmente se producen en el mundo, el 20% de los pollos mueren de ascitis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico ha causado un decremento en la producci&oacute;n av&iacute;cola en M&eacute;xico, as&iacute; como una p&eacute;rdida econ&oacute;mica importante para avicultores, por lo que a la par ha aumentado el mejoramiento gen&eacute;tico acompa&ntilde;ado de un mejor crecimiento y utilizaci&oacute;n nutricional del alimento, lo que ha permitido obtener en las l&iacute;neas de pollo de engorda actuales avances en los par&aacute;metros productivos comerciales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Pollo que presenta síndrome ascítico\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/pollo-con-sindrome.jpg\" style=\"height:286px; width:401px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 2. Pollo que presenta s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Factores causantes<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Factores gen&eacute;ticos <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La selecci&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El SA es un problema en el pollo de engorda actual, la causa est&aacute; relacionada con el mejoramiento a trav&eacute;s de la selecci&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica de l&iacute;neas comerciales tendientes a alcanzar r&aacute;pidamente la edad de mercado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Influencia de los progenitores<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En M&eacute;xico se ha evaluado la mortalidad por SA en pollos provenientes de reproductoras de diferentes edades y pesos de huevo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La mortalidad ocasionada por el SA disminuy&oacute; a medida que envejece la reproductora, independientemente del peso del huevo. Lo anterior demuestra que la mortalidad por SA est&aacute; en funci&oacute;n de la edad de la reproductora y no del peso del huevo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Factores alimenticios<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Consumo de alimento<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se ha observado que a mayor ganancia de peso y mayor consumo de alimento se present&oacute; mayor mortalidad por SA.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"7\" style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); height:2px; width:611px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cuadro 1. Evoluci&oacute;n del pollo de engorda macho (World Poultry 2018).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"color:#000000\">C. A Conversi&oacute;n Alimenticia, GDP Ganancia de Peso.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>A&ntilde;o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Peso vivo kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">42 d&iacute;as<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">C.A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">2.0 Kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">D&iacute;as para 2.0 kg<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">GDP (g)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">2.0 kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Filete de pechuga (g) 2.0 kg<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">C.A para carne pechuga<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>1978<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">1.0<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">2.5<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">63<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">31<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">250<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">20<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>1998<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>2.4<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">1.7<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">37<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">54<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">320<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">11<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>2018<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">3.5<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">1.4<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">29<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">65<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">430<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">5<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Factores clim&aacute;ticos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La temperatura<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La incidencia de SA es provocada por la exposici&oacute;n de las aves a bajas temperaturas ambientales lo que a su vez produce una sobre carga metab&oacute;lica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La ventilaci&oacute;n<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Una mala ventilaci&oacute;n y alteraciones en el aparato respiratorio aumentan tambi&eacute;n la demanda de ox&iacute;geno; en consecuencia se desarrolla el SA y acumulaci&oacute;n de l&iacute;quido en la cavidad abdominal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Otras aves susceptibles<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La ascitis se presenta en pollos con una mayor incidencia entre las 3 y 5 semanas de edad, cuando estos alcanzan su mayor velocidad de crecimiento. Las estirpes de mayor crecimiento y los machos son los m&aacute;s susceptibles a presentar este s&iacute;ndrome. Tambi&eacute;n con incidencia en pavos, codornices, gallinas de postura y gallos de pelea.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Producci&oacute;n av&iacute;cola nacional<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Durante 2018, la industria av&iacute;cola continu&oacute; siendo la actividad pecuaria m&aacute;s din&aacute;mica en M&eacute;xico, actualmente representa 63.3% de la producci&oacute;n pecuaria nacional, donde 6 de cada 10 kg son alimentos av&iacute;colas como pollo, huevo y pavo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Para el cierre de 2019, la producci&oacute;n av&iacute;cola nacional creci&oacute; 3% respecto a la de 2018, con una producci&oacute;n total de 6.4 millones de toneladas de alimento (pollo, pavo y huevo).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico en pollos de engorda. Ganader&iacute;a. Serie Ganader&iacute;a, N&uacute;m. 42. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Este síndrome también afecta otras aves.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/afectacion-a-otras-aves.jpg\" style=\"height:330px; width:417px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 3. Este s&iacute;ndrome tambi&eacute;n afecta otras aves.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cort&eacute;s CA, Estrada CA, &Aacute;vila GE.2006. Productividad y mortalidad por s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico en pollos de engorda alimentados con dietas granuladas o en harina. T&eacute;c Pecu M&eacute;x; 44(2):241-246.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Luger 2001. Association between weight gain, blood parameters, and thyroid hormones and the development of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. Jul; 80(7):965-71.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Wideman RF. 2016. Pathophysiology of Heart\/lung disorders: pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broiler chickens. WorldPoult Sci J; 57:289-307.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">World&#39;s Poultry Science Journal 2018. 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En general se puede considerar como una manifestación de insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva derecha, provocando hipertensión hidrostática venosa generalizada o una hipertrofia cardiaca derecha. Existen muchos factores predisponentes para causar el síndrome ascítico; estos pueden ser genéticos, alimenticios y climáticos, incluidos la ventilación de la granja y su temperatura. Este problema aumentó debido a su rápido crecimiento y corta de edad para que las aves puedan lograr su meta productiva. Como resultado se presenta el síndrome.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/pollo.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Avicultura, ascitis, ganancia de peso","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/42. Sindrome Ascitico en pollos de engorda.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><strong><em><span style=\"color:#006400\">Autores: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El desarrollo de la avicultura en &aacute;reas de gen&eacute;tica y nutrici&oacute;n ha permitido obtener las l&iacute;neas de pollo de engorda actuales. Sin embargo, este beneficio ha tenido que pagar un alto costo metab&oacute;lico, que se refleja en nuevos problemas que causan elevada mortalidad en las parvadas, como es el caso del S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico (SA), que cada d&iacute;a se presenta con una mayor incidencia sin respetar programas de medicina preventiva, &eacute;poca del a&ntilde;o o tipo de instalaciones, y que puede afectar severamente la econom&iacute;a de las empresas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Este S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico ha aumentado estos &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os debido a la necesidad de acortar el tiempo de sacrificio, como consecuencia se produce este s&iacute;ndrome, debido al aceleramiento de la ganancia de peso y mayor conversi&oacute;n, por lo tanto las aves tienen mayores exigencias de ox&iacute;geno y una aceleraci&oacute;n metab&oacute;lica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En M&eacute;xico se expone que la incidencia de ascitis en relaci&oacute;n a la mortalidad general de los pollos de engorda es de un 36 %.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La ascitis es una enfermedad, una condici&oacute;n patol&oacute;gica que se caracteriza por la acumulaci&oacute;n de l&iacute;quido en la cavidad abdominal y es producida por las causas generales de edema. El s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico puede considerarse como una manifestaci&oacute;n de una insuficiencia card&iacute;aca congestiva derecha, que provoca una hipertensi&oacute;n hidrost&aacute;tica venosa generalizada, hipertrofia cardiaca derecha y edema.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Las líneas pesadas son las más susceptibles debido a su rápido metabolismo.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/metabolismo.jpg\" style=\"height:373px; width:555px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 1. Las l&iacute;neas pesadas son las m&aacute;s susceptibles debido a su r&aacute;pido metabolismo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"toggle\">\r\n<!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Caracter&iacute;sticas del S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los pollos afectados presentan un abdomen severamente distendido, intolerancia al movimiento, problemas respiratorios y cianosis. El pulm&oacute;n permanece relativamente peque&ntilde;o contra las dimensiones corporales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Importancia econ&oacute;mica<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">A pesar de las investigaciones sobre el s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico hechas durante muchos a&ntilde;os, es todav&iacute;a un estado que ocasiona p&eacute;rdidas financieras a los avicultores. Se calcula que de los 40 mil millones de pollo de engorda que anualmente se producen en el mundo, el 20% de los pollos mueren de ascitis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico ha causado un decremento en la producci&oacute;n av&iacute;cola en M&eacute;xico, as&iacute; como una p&eacute;rdida econ&oacute;mica importante para avicultores, por lo que a la par ha aumentado el mejoramiento gen&eacute;tico acompa&ntilde;ado de un mejor crecimiento y utilizaci&oacute;n nutricional del alimento, lo que ha permitido obtener en las l&iacute;neas de pollo de engorda actuales avances en los par&aacute;metros productivos comerciales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Pollo que presenta síndrome ascítico\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/pollo-con-sindrome.jpg\" style=\"height:286px; width:401px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 2. Pollo que presenta s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Factores causantes<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Factores gen&eacute;ticos <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La selecci&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El SA es un problema en el pollo de engorda actual, la causa est&aacute; relacionada con el mejoramiento a trav&eacute;s de la selecci&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica de l&iacute;neas comerciales tendientes a alcanzar r&aacute;pidamente la edad de mercado.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Influencia de los progenitores<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En M&eacute;xico se ha evaluado la mortalidad por SA en pollos provenientes de reproductoras de diferentes edades y pesos de huevo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La mortalidad ocasionada por el SA disminuy&oacute; a medida que envejece la reproductora, independientemente del peso del huevo. Lo anterior demuestra que la mortalidad por SA est&aacute; en funci&oacute;n de la edad de la reproductora y no del peso del huevo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Factores alimenticios<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Consumo de alimento<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se ha observado que a mayor ganancia de peso y mayor consumo de alimento se present&oacute; mayor mortalidad por SA.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"7\" style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); height:2px; width:611px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cuadro 1. Evoluci&oacute;n del pollo de engorda macho (World Poultry 2018).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong><span style=\"color:#000000\">C. A Conversi&oacute;n Alimenticia, GDP Ganancia de Peso.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>A&ntilde;o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Peso vivo kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">42 d&iacute;as<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">C.A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">2.0 Kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">D&iacute;as para 2.0 kg<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">GDP (g)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">2.0 kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Filete de pechuga (g) 2.0 kg<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); height:2px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">C.A para carne pechuga<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>1978<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">1.0<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">2.5<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">63<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">31<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">250<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:1px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">20<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>1998<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>2.4<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">1.7<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">37<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">54<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; text-align:center; width:154px\">320<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:1px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">11<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>2018<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">3.5<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">1.4<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">29<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; width:154px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">65<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; text-align:center; width:154px\">430<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 153); height:2px; width:163px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">5<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Factores clim&aacute;ticos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La temperatura<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La incidencia de SA es provocada por la exposici&oacute;n de las aves a bajas temperaturas ambientales lo que a su vez produce una sobre carga metab&oacute;lica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La ventilaci&oacute;n<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Una mala ventilaci&oacute;n y alteraciones en el aparato respiratorio aumentan tambi&eacute;n la demanda de ox&iacute;geno; en consecuencia se desarrolla el SA y acumulaci&oacute;n de l&iacute;quido en la cavidad abdominal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Otras aves susceptibles<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La ascitis se presenta en pollos con una mayor incidencia entre las 3 y 5 semanas de edad, cuando estos alcanzan su mayor velocidad de crecimiento. Las estirpes de mayor crecimiento y los machos son los m&aacute;s susceptibles a presentar este s&iacute;ndrome. Tambi&eacute;n con incidencia en pavos, codornices, gallinas de postura y gallos de pelea.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Producci&oacute;n av&iacute;cola nacional<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Durante 2018, la industria av&iacute;cola continu&oacute; siendo la actividad pecuaria m&aacute;s din&aacute;mica en M&eacute;xico, actualmente representa 63.3% de la producci&oacute;n pecuaria nacional, donde 6 de cada 10 kg son alimentos av&iacute;colas como pollo, huevo y pavo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Para el cierre de 2019, la producci&oacute;n av&iacute;cola nacional creci&oacute; 3% respecto a la de 2018, con una producci&oacute;n total de 6.4 millones de toneladas de alimento (pollo, pavo y huevo).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. S&iacute;ndrome Asc&iacute;tico en pollos de engorda. Ganader&iacute;a. Serie Ganader&iacute;a, N&uacute;m. 42. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Este síndrome también afecta otras aves.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art42-sindrome-aves\/afectacion-a-otras-aves.jpg\" style=\"height:330px; width:417px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 3. Este s&iacute;ndrome tambi&eacute;n afecta otras aves.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#B22222\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cort&eacute;s CA, Estrada CA, &Aacute;vila GE.2006. Productividad y mortalidad por s&iacute;ndrome asc&iacute;tico en pollos de engorda alimentados con dietas granuladas o en harina. T&eacute;c Pecu M&eacute;x; 44(2):241-246.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Luger 2001. Association between weight gain, blood parameters, and thyroid hormones and the development of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. Jul; 80(7):965-71.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Wideman RF. 2016. Pathophysiology of Heart\/lung disorders: pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broiler chickens. WorldPoult Sci J; 57:289-307.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">World&#39;s Poultry Science Journal 2018. Vol. 74. 2018.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2020-04-15 13:25:49","updated":"2020-04-15 16:13:59","published":"2020-04-06 16:13:59","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/ganaderia"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"sindrome-ascitico-en-pollos-de-engorda","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"sindrome-ascitico-en-pollos-de-engorda","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}