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Este momento debe coincidir con una gestación que este cursando el séptimo mes.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art109-vacas-secas\/vaca-seca.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"vaca seca, vacas preparto, manejo de vacas, alimentación en vacas","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/109. Manejo de la Vaca Seca.pdf","text":"\r\n
\r\n
Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
Para iniciar un manejo reproductivo correcto, la vaca debe realizar una producción con un pico a los 60 a 90 días de iniciada la lactancia, luego debe caer hasta el secado que ocurrirá al décimo mes. Este momento debe coincidir con una gestación que este cursando el 7 mes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nLa alimentación debe ser prioritaria en el establo lechero debe ser abundante, equilibrada y constante para mantener un ciclo reproductivo adecuado de una vaca lechera.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nEl manejo del secado es importante para lograr tener baja incidencia de enfermedades en el posparto hipocalcemia, cetosis, etc. y un rápido inicio de la ciclicidad y presentar celo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nPara un adecuado manejo de la vaca seca, es recomendable dividir en dos grupos, como se muestra en el cuadro 1:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tCuadro 1. Grupos de vacas para un manejo adecuado del secado (Casaro, 2020).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tVacas secas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tVacas preparto<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tPeriodo que se extiende desde el secado hasta los 21 días preparto<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\tDesde los 21 días preparto hasta el parto<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tLa condición corporal (CC) de estas vacas tiene que estar entre 3 y 3.5<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\tAlrededor de 21 días antes del parto, tenemos que trasladar las vacas desde el corral de vaca seca hacia el corral preparto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\tUso de corral preparto:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tDisminución de consumo de alimentos cuando se aproxima el parto.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\tUso de sales anionicas para prevenir problemas de hipocalcemia<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
El periodo seco se inicia con el fin de la lactancia y se extiende hasta el parto. La vaca en este periodo no debe ganar peso, se debe mantener con el que finalizó la lactancia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nLa vaca seca no convierte bien los alimentos, convierte un 60 % de lo que come, mientras que en estado de producción convierte el 75 % de los alimentos que consume.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nEl secado de los cuartos, es vital para la cura de las infecciones intramamarias que pudieron haberse adquirido durante la última lactancia, así como de prevención de las nuevas infecciones que pudieran ocurrir en éste período.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
Casos de mastitis en el secado<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\nLas causas principales son:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\tPor la interrupción del ordeño<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tDiscontinuidad de la desinfección de los pezones periódicamente.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tProbabilidad de que no se forme el tapón de queratina.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tDisminuye el bienestar de las vacas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\nRecomendaciones durante el secado <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\tMinimizar la exposición a patógenos ambientales.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tObservar una correcta involución de ubres, e identificar las que presentan inflamación.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\tProporcionar ambiente limpio y seco.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tEvitar la colonización de la punta del pezón con bacterias<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tSuministrar correcta alimentación (dieta balanceada en energía, proteína, vitaminas y minerales)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tMinimizar el estrés.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tProcurar el bienestar animal<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tFigura 1. Vacas secas en establo (Dairy Veterinary, 2019).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n