{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":321,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":700,"views":83194,"title":"Infecciones Umbilicales en Becerros","fb_title":"","link":"infecciones-umbilicales-en-becerros","desc":"El tutorado de las plantas es quizá una de las labores más imprescindibles y fundamentales en la producción del pimiento para garantizar un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo. El tutorado consiste en emplear algún material que permita sostener y mantener erguida la parte aérea de las plantas a lo largo del ciclo para evitar el contacto con el suelo, permitiendo una mayor sanidad y consecuentemente mayor calidad en el órgano cosechado.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/becerrito.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Iluminación,ventilación,tutorado español,tutorado holandés,poda","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/66. Infecciones umbilicales en Becerros.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><em><span style=\"color:#006400\">Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Muchas son las enfermedades que presentan los bovinos en sus primeros meses de vida, patolog&iacute;as debidas a infecciones en cord&oacute;n umbilical pueden llevar al ternero a la muerte o a sufrir enfermedades de por vida.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La infecci&oacute;n del ombligo ocurre despu&eacute;s del nacimiento del becerro y generalmente es una consecuencia de malas condiciones de higiene al momento del parto, condiciones inmunitarias deficientes del becerro y\/o debilidad del becerro reci&eacute;n nacido. La cantidad de inmunoglobulinas que el becerro requiere es directamente proporcional al n&uacute;mero de los microorganismos a los cuales est&aacute; expuesto. La transferencia de la inmunidad pasiva depende de varios factores como:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Madres primerizas con poca habilidad materna.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Debilidad del becerro (por infecciones intrauterinas, distocias o condiciones ambientales extremas) lo que le impide levantarse a ingerir calostro.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anormalidades f&iacute;sicas o nerviosas que no le permiten ponerse en pie y alimentarse.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Mala conformaci&oacute;n de ubre o pezones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Frecuentemente se presentan masas umbilicales y estas incluyen hernias y abscesos. Las hernias se clasifican en:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\"><strong>Simples<\/strong>&nbsp;que son aquellas que pueden ser reducidas<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\"><strong>Con infecci&oacute;n<\/strong>&nbsp;que son parcialmente reducibles o con abscesos las cuales no son reducibles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Ombligo que presenta inflamación (EcuRed, 2010).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/ombligo-inflamado.jpg\" style=\"height:408px; width:399px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Ombligo que presenta inflamaci&oacute;n (EcuRed, 2010).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Ombligo infectado (EcuRed, 2010).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/ombligo-infectado.jpg\" style=\"height:298px; width:344px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Ombligo infectado (EcuRed, 2010).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); width:699px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Principales patolog&iacute;as causadas por infecciones umbilicales (Medina, 2005)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Patolog&iacute;a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Caracter&iacute;sticas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Signos <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Onfalitis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Consiste en la inflamaci&oacute;n en el ombligo y la regi&oacute;n contigua y ocurre com&uacute;nmente en becerros de 2 a 5 d&iacute;as de edad. El ombligo puede cerrarse o permanecer abierto para drenar las descargas purulentas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El becerro est&aacute; deprimido, con fiebre y no succiona normalmente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Onfaloflebitis<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Consiste en la inflamaci&oacute;n de las venas umbilicales. Grandes abscesos pueden desarrollarse durante el trayecto de las venas y r&aacute;pidamente migrar y formar abscesos en el h&iacute;gado. Ocurre en becerros de 1 a 3 meses de edad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">El animal presenta anorexia, molestado de carnes y fiebre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Onfaloarteritis<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Consiste en la inflamaci&oacute;n de las arterias umbilicales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los signos cl&iacute;nicos son iguales a onfaloflebitis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Persistencia de uraco<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">El uraco persistente es cuando este conecta a la vejiga con el ombligo despu&eacute;s del nacimiento. El uraco comunica a la vejiga con el saco alantoides durante la gestaci&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Al nacimiento, con la ruptura del cord&oacute;n umbilical. El uraco debe cerrarse, y la orina debe vaciarse a trav&eacute;s de la uretra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los factores de predisposici&oacute;n para la presencia de este tipo de masas umbilicales son los siguientes:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Incorrecta cura del ombligo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Mala higiene en el lugar del parto<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Ambiente de los primeros d&iacute;as de vida del ternero<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Imagen comparativa de la localización de arterias, venas y uraco en becerro \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/comparativo-venas.jpg\" style=\"height:339px; width:560px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 3. Imagen comparativa de la localizaci&oacute;n de arterias, venas y uraco en becerro (Alarc&oacute;n, 2015).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\"><em><img alt=\"Patogenia de las infecciones umbilicales en becerros \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/patogenia-de-infecciones.jpg\" style=\"height:787px; width:2252px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 4. Patogenia de las infecciones umbilicales en becerros (Modificado de Medina, 2005).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Tratamiento<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El tratamiento para estos padecimientos se basa en antibioterapia, teniendo como antibi&oacute;ticos de primera elecci&oacute;n penicilinas, estreptomicina, tetraciclina y sulfonamidas, se recomienda drenaje de abscesos, aplicaci&oacute;n de repelentes, extirpaci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica en caso de ser necesario, adem&aacute;s de incluir lavado de &aacute;reas infectadas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Prevenci&oacute;n <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Adecuado manejo del cord&oacute;n umbilical por inmersi&oacute;n del ombligo inmediatamente despu&eacute;s del parto con tintura de yodo al 7% seguido de una segunda aplicaci&oacute;n 12 horas m&aacute;s tarde.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Adecuado drenaje para evitar posibles infecciones<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Extrema higiene en todo el manejo que se realice durante y despu&eacute;s del parto y los primeros d&iacute;as de vida.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. Infecciones Umbilicales en Becerros. N&uacute;m. 66. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Desinfección de ombligo en becerro \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/desinfeccion.jpg\" style=\"height:345px; width:466px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 5. Desinfecci&oacute;n de ombligo en becerro (Alarc&oacute;n, 2015).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anderson D. Surgical diseases of the neonate. 2004. 23rd World Buiatrics Congress, Qu&eacute;bec, CANADA, 11-16 July, 2004. http:\/\/www.ivis.org\/proceedings\/wbc\/wbc2004\/WBC2004-Anderson-simple1.pdf<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Colorado, Universidad de. Colostate.edu. 2008.&nbsp; http:\/\/www.cvmbs.colostate.edu\/ilm\/proinfo\/calving\/notes\/resesitation.htm.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Medina CM. 1994. Medicina productiva en la crianza de becerras lecheras. M&eacute;xico DF. Editorial Uteha Noriega Limusa. 1&ordf; edici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Medina CM, Mart&iacute;nez AR, Hern&aacute;ndez IJ, Serrano SJC, Rodr&iacute;guez GMA, Weimersheimer E. 2005. Patrones de surjete empleados para la reducci&oacute;n de una hernia umbilical de gran tama&ntilde;o en un torete. Reporte de caso. Memorias del XXIX Congreso Nacional de Buiatr&iacute;a. AMMVEB. Puebla Pue.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>","has_cost":0,"creation":"2020-12-29 14:31:06","updated":"2020-12-30 17:05:08","published":"2020-12-30 17:05:08","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5.2400000000000002131628207280300557613372802734375,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5.2400000000000002131628207280300557613372802734375},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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El tutorado consiste en emplear algún material que permita sostener y mantener erguida la parte aérea de las plantas a lo largo del ciclo para evitar el contacto con el suelo, permitiendo una mayor sanidad y consecuentemente mayor calidad en el órgano cosechado.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/becerrito.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Iluminación,ventilación,tutorado español,tutorado holandés,poda","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/66. Infecciones umbilicales en Becerros.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><em><span style=\"color:#006400\">Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Muchas son las enfermedades que presentan los bovinos en sus primeros meses de vida, patolog&iacute;as debidas a infecciones en cord&oacute;n umbilical pueden llevar al ternero a la muerte o a sufrir enfermedades de por vida.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La infecci&oacute;n del ombligo ocurre despu&eacute;s del nacimiento del becerro y generalmente es una consecuencia de malas condiciones de higiene al momento del parto, condiciones inmunitarias deficientes del becerro y\/o debilidad del becerro reci&eacute;n nacido. La cantidad de inmunoglobulinas que el becerro requiere es directamente proporcional al n&uacute;mero de los microorganismos a los cuales est&aacute; expuesto. La transferencia de la inmunidad pasiva depende de varios factores como:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Madres primerizas con poca habilidad materna.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Debilidad del becerro (por infecciones intrauterinas, distocias o condiciones ambientales extremas) lo que le impide levantarse a ingerir calostro.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anormalidades f&iacute;sicas o nerviosas que no le permiten ponerse en pie y alimentarse.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Mala conformaci&oacute;n de ubre o pezones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Frecuentemente se presentan masas umbilicales y estas incluyen hernias y abscesos. Las hernias se clasifican en:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\"><strong>Simples<\/strong>&nbsp;que son aquellas que pueden ser reducidas<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\"><strong>Con infecci&oacute;n<\/strong>&nbsp;que son parcialmente reducibles o con abscesos las cuales no son reducibles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Ombligo que presenta inflamación (EcuRed, 2010).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/ombligo-inflamado.jpg\" style=\"height:408px; width:399px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Ombligo que presenta inflamaci&oacute;n (EcuRed, 2010).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Ombligo infectado (EcuRed, 2010).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/ombligo-infectado.jpg\" style=\"height:298px; width:344px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Ombligo infectado (EcuRed, 2010).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); width:699px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Principales patolog&iacute;as causadas por infecciones umbilicales (Medina, 2005)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Patolog&iacute;a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Caracter&iacute;sticas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Signos <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Onfalitis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Consiste en la inflamaci&oacute;n en el ombligo y la regi&oacute;n contigua y ocurre com&uacute;nmente en becerros de 2 a 5 d&iacute;as de edad. El ombligo puede cerrarse o permanecer abierto para drenar las descargas purulentas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El becerro est&aacute; deprimido, con fiebre y no succiona normalmente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Onfaloflebitis<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Consiste en la inflamaci&oacute;n de las venas umbilicales. Grandes abscesos pueden desarrollarse durante el trayecto de las venas y r&aacute;pidamente migrar y formar abscesos en el h&iacute;gado. Ocurre en becerros de 1 a 3 meses de edad.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">El animal presenta anorexia, molestado de carnes y fiebre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Onfaloarteritis<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Consiste en la inflamaci&oacute;n de las arterias umbilicales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los signos cl&iacute;nicos son iguales a onfaloflebitis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:113px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Persistencia de uraco<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:387px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">El uraco persistente es cuando este conecta a la vejiga con el ombligo despu&eacute;s del nacimiento. El uraco comunica a la vejiga con el saco alantoides durante la gestaci&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:198px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Al nacimiento, con la ruptura del cord&oacute;n umbilical. El uraco debe cerrarse, y la orina debe vaciarse a trav&eacute;s de la uretra.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los factores de predisposici&oacute;n para la presencia de este tipo de masas umbilicales son los siguientes:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Incorrecta cura del ombligo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Mala higiene en el lugar del parto<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Ambiente de los primeros d&iacute;as de vida del ternero<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Imagen comparativa de la localización de arterias, venas y uraco en becerro \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/comparativo-venas.jpg\" style=\"height:339px; width:560px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 3. Imagen comparativa de la localizaci&oacute;n de arterias, venas y uraco en becerro (Alarc&oacute;n, 2015).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\"><em><img alt=\"Patogenia de las infecciones umbilicales en becerros \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/patogenia-de-infecciones.jpg\" style=\"height:787px; width:2252px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 4. Patogenia de las infecciones umbilicales en becerros (Modificado de Medina, 2005).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Tratamiento<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El tratamiento para estos padecimientos se basa en antibioterapia, teniendo como antibi&oacute;ticos de primera elecci&oacute;n penicilinas, estreptomicina, tetraciclina y sulfonamidas, se recomienda drenaje de abscesos, aplicaci&oacute;n de repelentes, extirpaci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica en caso de ser necesario, adem&aacute;s de incluir lavado de &aacute;reas infectadas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Prevenci&oacute;n <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Adecuado manejo del cord&oacute;n umbilical por inmersi&oacute;n del ombligo inmediatamente despu&eacute;s del parto con tintura de yodo al 7% seguido de una segunda aplicaci&oacute;n 12 horas m&aacute;s tarde.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Adecuado drenaje para evitar posibles infecciones<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Extrema higiene en todo el manejo que se realice durante y despu&eacute;s del parto y los primeros d&iacute;as de vida.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. Infecciones Umbilicales en Becerros. N&uacute;m. 66. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Desinfección de ombligo en becerro \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art66-infecciones-de-becerros\/desinfeccion.jpg\" style=\"height:345px; width:466px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 5. Desinfecci&oacute;n de ombligo en becerro (Alarc&oacute;n, 2015).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anderson D. Surgical diseases of the neonate. 2004. 23rd World Buiatrics Congress, Qu&eacute;bec, CANADA, 11-16 July, 2004. http:\/\/www.ivis.org\/proceedings\/wbc\/wbc2004\/WBC2004-Anderson-simple1.pdf<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Colorado, Universidad de. Colostate.edu. 2008.&nbsp; http:\/\/www.cvmbs.colostate.edu\/ilm\/proinfo\/calving\/notes\/resesitation.htm.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Medina CM. 1994. Medicina productiva en la crianza de becerras lecheras. M&eacute;xico DF. Editorial Uteha Noriega Limusa. 1&ordf; edici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Medina CM, Mart&iacute;nez AR, Hern&aacute;ndez IJ, Serrano SJC, Rodr&iacute;guez GMA, Weimersheimer E. 2005. Patrones de surjete empleados para la reducci&oacute;n de una hernia umbilical de gran tama&ntilde;o en un torete. Reporte de caso. Memorias del XXIX Congreso Nacional de Buiatr&iacute;a. AMMVEB. Puebla Pue.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>","has_cost":0,"creation":"2020-12-29 14:31:06","updated":"2020-12-30 17:05:08","published":"2020-12-30 17:05:08","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/ganaderia"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"infecciones-umbilicales-en-becerros","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"infecciones-umbilicales-en-becerros","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}