{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":765,"views":48256,"title":"Exploración de la Piel en Animales","fb_title":"","link":"exploracion-de-la-piel-en-animales","desc":"La piel es el órgano más grande y posee diversas funciones tales como proteger al organismo de factores externos como bacterias, sustancias químicas y temperatura, mantenimiento de la hidratación, secreción y eliminación. Conocer la manera correcta de exploración, podrá ayudar a un mejor diagnóstico y llevar a cabo tratamientos adecuados para anormalidades o patologías cutáneas. ","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art96-piel\/piel.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"piel, cutáneo, faneras, epidermis, piel en animales ","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/96. Exploracion de la piel en animales.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#006400\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El sistema tegumentario est&aacute; formado por la piel y los anexos o faneras. La piel es el &oacute;rgano de mayor extensi&oacute;n en el cuerpo y consiste en una envoltura resistente y flexible, cuyo epitelio de revestimiento se contin&uacute;a con los de los sistemas respiratorio, digestivo y genitourinario, a nivel de sus orificios externos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las faneras se componen del pelo, plumas, u&ntilde;as, cascos, pezu&ntilde;as, gl&aacute;ndulas sudor&iacute;paras y seb&aacute;ceas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Constituye la barrera anat&oacute;mica y fisiol&oacute;gica m&aacute;s importante entre el medio externo y los &oacute;rganos internos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Informaci&oacute;n importante del paciente para explorar la piel<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Forma<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Lugar<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Evoluci&oacute;n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Antecedentes familiares<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Enfermos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Especie<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Raza<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Sexo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Edad<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Estado reproductivo<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 128, 0)\"><strong>Semiolog&iacute;a de la piel<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anexos de la piel<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Color<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Humedad<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:21px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro1. Funciones de la piel (Brejov, 2016).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:18px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Protectora<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Sensitiva<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Excretora<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Termorreguladora<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:27px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Impermeabilidad<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:31px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Est&eacute;tica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Extracto de piel y su anatomía (Márquez, 2012).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art96-piel\/extracto-de-piel.jpg\" style=\"height:331px; width:504px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102)\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Extracto de piel y su anatom&iacute;a (M&aacute;rquez, 2012).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Temperatura<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Elasticidad<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Sensibilidad<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Capa del pelo<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Exploraci&oacute;n de la piel <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>1. Olfacci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La piel tiene un olor caracter&iacute;stico que depende de cada especie animal debido a la secreci&oacute;n de gl&aacute;ndulas sudor&iacute;paras y seb&aacute;ceas, La intensificaci&oacute;n del olor est&aacute; relacionado con el grado de limpieza del manto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bromhidrosis: se llama as&iacute; al sudor con mal olor por ejemplo uridrosis, sudor que contiene elementos de la orina.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Putrefacci&oacute;n por procesos infecciosos productores de pus.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor butiroso por seborrea oleosa.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor f&eacute;tido caracter&iacute;stico en las otitis (por Malassezia).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Olor p&uacute;trido al drenar las gl&aacute;ndulas paranales.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Olor amoniacal o urinoso en el s&iacute;ndrome ur&eacute;mico (aumento de desechos nitrogenados en sangre (creatinina y urea: azotemia).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\"><strong>2. Percusi&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Manual mediata: un suave timpanismo a la percusi&oacute;n en enfisema subcut&aacute;neo como en el edema aspirado.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Instrumental mediata: percutir con el martillo los cascos y pezu&ntilde;as que da un sonido de oquedad por el desprendimiento de la muralla.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>3. Palpaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">T&eacute;cnica manual, el cl&iacute;nico desliza la mano sobre el manto a favor y en contra de la direcci&oacute;n de los pelos y para la consistencia se realiza un pellizcamiento. Adem&aacute;s traccionar los pelos y o plumas para ver su adherencia al fol&iacute;culo piloso o plum&iacute;fero y tomar peque&ntilde;os pliegues para evaluar tambi&eacute;n el grosor e hidrataci&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:25px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Tipos de dermatitis (Su&aacute;rez, 2011)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bacteriana<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Al&eacute;rgica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:17px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">T&oacute;xica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:25px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hormonal<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:9px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Psicog&eacute;nica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Carencial<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Dermatitis interdigital en bovino causada por bacterias (NotiAgro, 2018).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art96-piel\/dermatitis-bovina.jpg\" style=\"height:358px; width:503px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102)\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Dermatitis interdigital en bovino causada por bacterias (NotiAgro, 2018).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Sobre el animal<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de mucosas aparentes<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de linfon&oacute;dulos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de la frecuencia card&iacute;aca.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Evaluaci&oacute;n de frecuencia de pulso<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de la frecuencia respiratoria<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Toma de la temperatura corporal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Piel y manto (en forma general)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Faneras: u&ntilde;as, pezu&ntilde;as, cascos, cuernos, barbillas, crestas, picos<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:12px; width:557px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>&nbsp; Cuadro 3. Lesiones secundarias de la piel (UJAT, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Lesi&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Definici&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Escama<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ca&iacute;da en bloque de la capa c&oacute;rnea; se manifiesta por separaci&oacute;n de fragmentos secos de epidermis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Costra<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exudado que se seca. La costra puede ser melic&eacute;rica, cuando resulta de la concreci&oacute;n de serosidad o pus combinada con detritus epid&eacute;rmicos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cicatriz<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Reparaci&oacute;n de una soluci&oacute;n de continuidad mediante la formaci&oacute;n de tejido conjuntivo fibroso; es de origen traum&aacute;tico o inflamatorio.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Liquenificaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Engrosamiento de las capas de la epidermis; se traduce por piel gruesa con aumento y exageraci&oacute;n de los pliegues cut&aacute;neos; es de color blanquecino u oscuro;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Excoriaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Soluci&oacute;n de continuidad que abarca la epidermis y dermis papilar; tambi&eacute;n es de origen traum&aacute;tico y generalmente lineal<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:22px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>&Uacute;lcera<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:22px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">P&eacute;rdida de sustancia m&aacute;s profunda que puede incluir dermis, hipodermis y descubrir huesos, m&uacute;sculos y tendones; al repararse deja cicatriz.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Grietas y Fisuras<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hendiduras lineales de la piel, por lo general dolorosas; las primeras afectan la epidermis y las segundas profundizan hasta la dermis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Queratosis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Espesamiento moderado o importante de la capa c&oacute;rnea; puede ser circunscrita (callosidad); regional (queratodermia palmoplantar), o generalizada (ictiosis).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"clear:both;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2021. 96. Exploraci&oacute;n de la Piel en Animales. N&uacute;m. 96. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Brejov, D., &amp; Blanco, D. 2016. Manual de Semiolog&iacute;a Veterinaria- Tomo I. 2017, de Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ciro Alvarado. 2015. Semiolog&iacute;a Animal. 2015, de UNEFM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Defarges, A. 2015. The physical examination. Ontario Veterinary College.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Jackson, P., &amp; Cockcroft, P. 2002. Examination of Farm Animals. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Prieto Monta&ntilde;a, F. 1999. Exploraci&oacute;n Cl&iacute;nica Veterinaria, cap. 33. Universidad de Le&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ram&iacute;rez, J. 2008. Manual de proped&eacute;utica cl&iacute;nica veterinaria en grandes especies y peque&ntilde;os rumiantes. Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2021-09-22 23:04:36","updated":"2021-09-28 16:08:31","published":"2021-09-28 16:08:31","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Conocer la manera correcta de exploración, podrá ayudar a un mejor diagnóstico y llevar a cabo tratamientos adecuados para anormalidades o patologías cutáneas. ","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art96-piel\/piel.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"piel, cutáneo, faneras, epidermis, piel en animales ","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/96. Exploracion de la piel en animales.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#006400\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El sistema tegumentario est&aacute; formado por la piel y los anexos o faneras. La piel es el &oacute;rgano de mayor extensi&oacute;n en el cuerpo y consiste en una envoltura resistente y flexible, cuyo epitelio de revestimiento se contin&uacute;a con los de los sistemas respiratorio, digestivo y genitourinario, a nivel de sus orificios externos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las faneras se componen del pelo, plumas, u&ntilde;as, cascos, pezu&ntilde;as, gl&aacute;ndulas sudor&iacute;paras y seb&aacute;ceas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Constituye la barrera anat&oacute;mica y fisiol&oacute;gica m&aacute;s importante entre el medio externo y los &oacute;rganos internos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Informaci&oacute;n importante del paciente para explorar la piel<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Forma<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Lugar<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Evoluci&oacute;n<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Antecedentes familiares<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Enfermos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Especie<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Raza<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Sexo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Edad<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Estado reproductivo<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 128, 0)\"><strong>Semiolog&iacute;a de la piel<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anexos de la piel<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Color<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Humedad<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:21px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro1. Funciones de la piel (Brejov, 2016).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:18px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Protectora<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Sensitiva<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Excretora<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Termorreguladora<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:27px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Impermeabilidad<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:31px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Est&eacute;tica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Extracto de piel y su anatomía (Márquez, 2012).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art96-piel\/extracto-de-piel.jpg\" style=\"height:331px; width:504px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102)\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Extracto de piel y su anatom&iacute;a (M&aacute;rquez, 2012).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Temperatura<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Elasticidad<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Sensibilidad<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Capa del pelo<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Exploraci&oacute;n de la piel <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>1. Olfacci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La piel tiene un olor caracter&iacute;stico que depende de cada especie animal debido a la secreci&oacute;n de gl&aacute;ndulas sudor&iacute;paras y seb&aacute;ceas, La intensificaci&oacute;n del olor est&aacute; relacionado con el grado de limpieza del manto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bromhidrosis: se llama as&iacute; al sudor con mal olor por ejemplo uridrosis, sudor que contiene elementos de la orina.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Putrefacci&oacute;n por procesos infecciosos productores de pus.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor butiroso por seborrea oleosa.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor f&eacute;tido caracter&iacute;stico en las otitis (por Malassezia).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Olor p&uacute;trido al drenar las gl&aacute;ndulas paranales.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Olor amoniacal o urinoso en el s&iacute;ndrome ur&eacute;mico (aumento de desechos nitrogenados en sangre (creatinina y urea: azotemia).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\"><strong>2. Percusi&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Manual mediata: un suave timpanismo a la percusi&oacute;n en enfisema subcut&aacute;neo como en el edema aspirado.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:rgb(0, 0, 0)\">Instrumental mediata: percutir con el martillo los cascos y pezu&ntilde;as que da un sonido de oquedad por el desprendimiento de la muralla.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>3. Palpaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">T&eacute;cnica manual, el cl&iacute;nico desliza la mano sobre el manto a favor y en contra de la direcci&oacute;n de los pelos y para la consistencia se realiza un pellizcamiento. Adem&aacute;s traccionar los pelos y o plumas para ver su adherencia al fol&iacute;culo piloso o plum&iacute;fero y tomar peque&ntilde;os pliegues para evaluar tambi&eacute;n el grosor e hidrataci&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:25px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Tipos de dermatitis (Su&aacute;rez, 2011)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:16px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bacteriana<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Al&eacute;rgica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:17px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">T&oacute;xica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:25px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hormonal<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:9px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Psicog&eacute;nica<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:312px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Carencial<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Dermatitis interdigital en bovino causada por bacterias (NotiAgro, 2018).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art96-piel\/dermatitis-bovina.jpg\" style=\"height:358px; width:503px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102)\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Dermatitis interdigital en bovino causada por bacterias (NotiAgro, 2018).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Sobre el animal<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de mucosas aparentes<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de linfon&oacute;dulos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de la frecuencia card&iacute;aca.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Evaluaci&oacute;n de frecuencia de pulso<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exploraci&oacute;n de la frecuencia respiratoria<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Toma de la temperatura corporal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Piel y manto (en forma general)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Faneras: u&ntilde;as, pezu&ntilde;as, cascos, cuernos, barbillas, crestas, picos<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:12px; width:557px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>&nbsp; Cuadro 3. Lesiones secundarias de la piel (UJAT, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Lesi&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Definici&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Escama<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ca&iacute;da en bloque de la capa c&oacute;rnea; se manifiesta por separaci&oacute;n de fragmentos secos de epidermis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Costra<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Exudado que se seca. La costra puede ser melic&eacute;rica, cuando resulta de la concreci&oacute;n de serosidad o pus combinada con detritus epid&eacute;rmicos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cicatriz<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Reparaci&oacute;n de una soluci&oacute;n de continuidad mediante la formaci&oacute;n de tejido conjuntivo fibroso; es de origen traum&aacute;tico o inflamatorio.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Liquenificaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Engrosamiento de las capas de la epidermis; se traduce por piel gruesa con aumento y exageraci&oacute;n de los pliegues cut&aacute;neos; es de color blanquecino u oscuro;<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Excoriaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:24px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Soluci&oacute;n de continuidad que abarca la epidermis y dermis papilar; tambi&eacute;n es de origen traum&aacute;tico y generalmente lineal<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:22px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>&Uacute;lcera<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:22px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">P&eacute;rdida de sustancia m&aacute;s profunda que puede incluir dermis, hipodermis y descubrir huesos, m&uacute;sculos y tendones; al repararse deja cicatriz.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Grietas y Fisuras<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hendiduras lineales de la piel, por lo general dolorosas; las primeras afectan la epidermis y las segundas profundizan hasta la dermis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:135px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Queratosis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:422px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:-3.45pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Espesamiento moderado o importante de la capa c&oacute;rnea; puede ser circunscrita (callosidad); regional (queratodermia palmoplantar), o generalizada (ictiosis).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"clear:both;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2021. 96. Exploraci&oacute;n de la Piel en Animales. N&uacute;m. 96. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#008000\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Brejov, D., &amp; Blanco, D. 2016. Manual de Semiolog&iacute;a Veterinaria- Tomo I. 2017, de Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ciro Alvarado. 2015. Semiolog&iacute;a Animal. 2015, de UNEFM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Defarges, A. 2015. The physical examination. Ontario Veterinary College.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Jackson, P., &amp; Cockcroft, P. 2002. Examination of Farm Animals. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Prieto Monta&ntilde;a, F. 1999. Exploraci&oacute;n Cl&iacute;nica Veterinaria, cap. 33. Universidad de Le&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ram&iacute;rez, J. 2008. Manual de proped&eacute;utica cl&iacute;nica veterinaria en grandes especies y peque&ntilde;os rumiantes. Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2021-09-22 23:04:36","updated":"2021-09-28 16:08:31","published":"2021-09-28 16:08:31","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/ganaderia"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"exploracion-de-la-piel-en-animales","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"exploracion-de-la-piel-en-animales","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}