{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":321,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":672,"views":23053,"title":"Enfermedades Abortivas del Ganado Bovino","fb_title":"","link":"enfermedades-abortivas-del-ganado-bovino","desc":"El aborto bovino es una limitante en el desarrollo productivo del hato, puesto que el mantenimiento de toda unidad de producción se basa en una eficiencia reproductiva, por lo que es fundamental la identificación de las causas que ocasionan las fallas reproductivas para evitar un número mayor en cada gestación por animal.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art54-brucelosis\/gestante.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"aborto bovino, etapa de gestación, enfermedades abortivas","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/54. Enfermedades abortivas en el ganado bovino.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los bovinos, a lo largo de su vida productiva presentan un amplio n&uacute;mero de problemas fisiol&oacute;gicos, metab&oacute;licos, ambientales e infecciosos, teniendo como principales las patolog&iacute;as reproductivas, ya que se pueden presentar diversas p&eacute;rdidas prenatales y posnatales en el servicio, en la concepci&oacute;n, durante el per&iacute;odo embrionario, fetal y neonatal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las enfermedades reproductivas desencadenan una de las principales causas de baja tasa de producci&oacute;n en todas las unidades productivas, teniendo como factor principal el aborto, al reducir el n&uacute;mero potencial de vaquillas de reemplazo y la producci&oacute;n de leche o carne, adem&aacute;s de incrementar los costos asociados con la alimentaci&oacute;n, tratamientos, inseminaci&oacute;n y desecho prematuro de animales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El aborto es definido como la p&eacute;rdida del producto de la concepci&oacute;n a partir del periodo fetal (aprox. 42 d&iacute;as) hasta antes de los 260 d&iacute;as, de acuerdo a la duraci&oacute;n de la gestaci&oacute;n en los bovinos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Existe un gran n&uacute;mero de causales de aborto. Pueden presentarse en forma espor&aacute;dica o end&eacute;mica, en forma de brote y pueden ser de origen infeccioso y no infeccioso por lo que establecer el agente causal es dif&iacute;cil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Aborto causado por Brucelosis (Rivera, 2004).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art54-brucelosis\/aborto-por-brucelosis.jpg\" style=\"height:272px; width:400px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 153, 255); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 1. Aborto causado por Brucelosis (Rivera, 2004)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Causas no infecciosas de aborto<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Gen&eacute;ticas:<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t<ul>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Problemas teratog&eacute;nicos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alteraciones gen&eacute;ticas<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<\/ul>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">No gen&eacute;ticas:<\/span>\r\n\t<ul>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fallas nutricionales<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Plantas t&oacute;xicas<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Deficiencia de minerales<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Deficiencia de manejo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Administraci&oacute;n de corticosteroides<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<\/ul>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Causas infecciosas de aborto<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los agentes infecciosos pueden afectar al embri&oacute;n o feto en cualquier etapa de su desarrollo ocasionando la muerte (con o sin expulsi&oacute;n), malformaciones cong&eacute;nitas, nacidos muertos, nacimiento de cr&iacute;as d&eacute;biles o nacimiento de cr&iacute;as persistentemente infectadas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"left\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 255); width:179px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Principales causas infecciosas de aborto en bovinos (&Aacute;vila-Garcia, 2007).<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Origen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Enfermedad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Bacterianas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Brucelosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Leptospirosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Vibriosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Haemophilosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ureaplasma<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Clamidiasis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Virus<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Rinotraque&iacute;tis Bovina Infecciosa (IBR)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Diarrea Viral Bovina (DVB)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Virus Respiratorio Sincitial Bovino (VRSB)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Hongos (micotoxinas)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Protozoarios<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Causas de aborto de acuerdo a la etapa de gestaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">De acuerdo a la causa, en este caso infecciosa, el aborto puede presentarse en diferentes etapas de la gestaci&oacute;n, como lo muestra el cuadro 2, y puede ayudar en el diagn&oacute;stico de la patolog&iacute;a y poder evitar un n&uacute;mero mayor de p&eacute;rdidas por esta problem&aacute;tica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 255); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Relaci&oacute;n entre causas de aborto y etapa de la gestaci&oacute;n (&Aacute;vila-Garcia, 2007).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Etapa de la gestaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Causa de aborto<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Abortos tempranos (0 a 3 meses)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Lengua azul<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Diarrea viral bovina<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Trichomoniasis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Abortos en per&iacute;odo intermedio (4 a 6 meses)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Arcanobacteriosis, Diarrea viral bovina, Brucelosis,Campylobacteriosis, Rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina, Tricomoniasis (hasta el 5 &deg; mes), Levaduras (candidiasis)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Abortos a t&eacute;rmino (7 a 9 meses)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Arcanobacteriosis, Anaplasmosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bacillus spp., DVB, Brucelosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Aborto epizo&oacute;tico bovino, Hongos<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">IBR, Leptospirosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Listeriosis, Neosporosis, Ureaplasmosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Diagn&oacute;stico del aborto bovino<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">A pesar de que los abortos pueden ocurrir en cualquier per&iacute;odo de la gestaci&oacute;n, los mismos son m&aacute;s f&aacute;ciles de detectar en el segundo y tercer tercio de la gestaci&oacute;n. Esto se debe a la posibilidad de estimar la edad gestacional de los fetos abortados.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Existen pocos signos cl&iacute;nicos para identificar el agente etiol&oacute;gico. Es necesario realizar un trabajo de diagn&oacute;stico completo, donde se pueden incluir estudios de patolog&iacute;a, microbiolog&iacute;a e inmunolog&iacute;a en laboratorio, informaci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica tal como la tasa de abortos, la edad gestacional del aborto, si los fetos son frescos o autol&iacute;ticos, edad de las hembras donde ocurrieron los abortos, utilizaci&oacute;n de servicio natural o inseminaci&oacute;n artificial, todo esto puede ayudar a identificar la causa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>An&aacute;lisis de un hato con problemas de aborto <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Examinar el 10% de los animales abortados, establecer el n&uacute;mero y edad de los animales afectados<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Estado de gestaci&oacute;n en el momento del aborto<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Llevar un registro de abortos previos en el hato<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Incorporaci&oacute;n de animales al hato, cambios en la alimentaci&oacute;n y otros aspectos del manejo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Condici&oacute;n corporal de las hembras<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Signos oculares, y descargas nasales<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Descargas vulvares, vaginitis<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Examen genital (pre&ntilde;ez, metritis, fetos momificados)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<img alt=\"Aborto bovino causado entre 4 y 6 meses de gestación por Diarrea Viral Bovina (UST, Med. Veterinaria, 2011).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art54-brucelosis\/aborto-bovino.jpg\" style=\"height:307px; width:409px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 153, 255); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 2. &nbsp;Aborto bovino causado entre 4 y 6 meses de gestaci&oacute;n por Diarrea Viral Bovina (UST, Med. Veterinaria, 2011)<\/span><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El aborto bovino trae como consecuencia una disminuci&oacute;n importante en la producci&oacute;n ganadera, generando altas p&eacute;rdidas econ&oacute;micas a nivel mundial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La medicina preventiva tiende a disminuir los problemas reproductivos causados por virus y bacterias.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. Enfermedades abortivas en el ganado bovino. N&uacute;m. 54. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Campero, Carlos PY - 2006.&nbsp; Causas infecciosas y parasitarias del aborto bovino.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">&Aacute;vila-Garc&iacute;a Jorge. 2007. Enfermedades abortivas. Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hermelinda Rivera, G. 2001. Causas frecuentes de aborto bovino. Rev Inv Vet Per&uacute; 12(2): 117-122.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anderson, M.L. 2007. Infectious causes of bovine abortion during mid to late gestation. Theriogenology. 68 (3) 474-486.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hermelinda Rivera, G.; Benito Z&uacute;&ntilde;iga, A. 2004.&nbsp; Etiolog&iacute;a del aborto bovino.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Morrel, E. 2010. 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Enfermedades abortivas en el ganado bovino.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los bovinos, a lo largo de su vida productiva presentan un amplio n&uacute;mero de problemas fisiol&oacute;gicos, metab&oacute;licos, ambientales e infecciosos, teniendo como principales las patolog&iacute;as reproductivas, ya que se pueden presentar diversas p&eacute;rdidas prenatales y posnatales en el servicio, en la concepci&oacute;n, durante el per&iacute;odo embrionario, fetal y neonatal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las enfermedades reproductivas desencadenan una de las principales causas de baja tasa de producci&oacute;n en todas las unidades productivas, teniendo como factor principal el aborto, al reducir el n&uacute;mero potencial de vaquillas de reemplazo y la producci&oacute;n de leche o carne, adem&aacute;s de incrementar los costos asociados con la alimentaci&oacute;n, tratamientos, inseminaci&oacute;n y desecho prematuro de animales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El aborto es definido como la p&eacute;rdida del producto de la concepci&oacute;n a partir del periodo fetal (aprox. 42 d&iacute;as) hasta antes de los 260 d&iacute;as, de acuerdo a la duraci&oacute;n de la gestaci&oacute;n en los bovinos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Existe un gran n&uacute;mero de causales de aborto. Pueden presentarse en forma espor&aacute;dica o end&eacute;mica, en forma de brote y pueden ser de origen infeccioso y no infeccioso por lo que establecer el agente causal es dif&iacute;cil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Aborto causado por Brucelosis (Rivera, 2004).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art54-brucelosis\/aborto-por-brucelosis.jpg\" style=\"height:272px; width:400px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 153, 255); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 1. Aborto causado por Brucelosis (Rivera, 2004)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Causas no infecciosas de aborto<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Gen&eacute;ticas:<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t<ul>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Problemas teratog&eacute;nicos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alteraciones gen&eacute;ticas<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<\/ul>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">No gen&eacute;ticas:<\/span>\r\n\t<ul>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fallas nutricionales<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Plantas t&oacute;xicas<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Deficiencia de minerales<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Deficiencia de manejo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Administraci&oacute;n de corticosteroides<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<\/ul>\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Causas infecciosas de aborto<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los agentes infecciosos pueden afectar al embri&oacute;n o feto en cualquier etapa de su desarrollo ocasionando la muerte (con o sin expulsi&oacute;n), malformaciones cong&eacute;nitas, nacidos muertos, nacimiento de cr&iacute;as d&eacute;biles o nacimiento de cr&iacute;as persistentemente infectadas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"left\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 255); width:179px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Principales causas infecciosas de aborto en bovinos (&Aacute;vila-Garcia, 2007).<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Origen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Enfermedad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Bacterianas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Brucelosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Leptospirosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Vibriosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Haemophilosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ureaplasma<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Clamidiasis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Virus<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Rinotraque&iacute;tis Bovina Infecciosa (IBR)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Diarrea Viral Bovina (DVB)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Virus Respiratorio Sincitial Bovino (VRSB)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Hongos (micotoxinas)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:331px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Protozoarios<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Causas de aborto de acuerdo a la etapa de gestaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">De acuerdo a la causa, en este caso infecciosa, el aborto puede presentarse en diferentes etapas de la gestaci&oacute;n, como lo muestra el cuadro 2, y puede ayudar en el diagn&oacute;stico de la patolog&iacute;a y poder evitar un n&uacute;mero mayor de p&eacute;rdidas por esta problem&aacute;tica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 255); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Relaci&oacute;n entre causas de aborto y etapa de la gestaci&oacute;n (&Aacute;vila-Garcia, 2007).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Etapa de la gestaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(51, 102, 204); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Causa de aborto<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Abortos tempranos (0 a 3 meses)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Lengua azul<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Diarrea viral bovina<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Trichomoniasis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Abortos en per&iacute;odo intermedio (4 a 6 meses)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Arcanobacteriosis, Diarrea viral bovina, Brucelosis,Campylobacteriosis, Rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina, Tricomoniasis (hasta el 5 &deg; mes), Levaduras (candidiasis)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Abortos a t&eacute;rmino (7 a 9 meses)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Arcanobacteriosis, Anaplasmosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bacillus spp., DVB, Brucelosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Aborto epizo&oacute;tico bovino, Hongos<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">IBR, Leptospirosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Listeriosis, Neosporosis, Ureaplasmosis<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Diagn&oacute;stico del aborto bovino<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">A pesar de que los abortos pueden ocurrir en cualquier per&iacute;odo de la gestaci&oacute;n, los mismos son m&aacute;s f&aacute;ciles de detectar en el segundo y tercer tercio de la gestaci&oacute;n. Esto se debe a la posibilidad de estimar la edad gestacional de los fetos abortados.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Existen pocos signos cl&iacute;nicos para identificar el agente etiol&oacute;gico. Es necesario realizar un trabajo de diagn&oacute;stico completo, donde se pueden incluir estudios de patolog&iacute;a, microbiolog&iacute;a e inmunolog&iacute;a en laboratorio, informaci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica tal como la tasa de abortos, la edad gestacional del aborto, si los fetos son frescos o autol&iacute;ticos, edad de las hembras donde ocurrieron los abortos, utilizaci&oacute;n de servicio natural o inseminaci&oacute;n artificial, todo esto puede ayudar a identificar la causa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>An&aacute;lisis de un hato con problemas de aborto <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Examinar el 10% de los animales abortados, establecer el n&uacute;mero y edad de los animales afectados<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Estado de gestaci&oacute;n en el momento del aborto<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Llevar un registro de abortos previos en el hato<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Incorporaci&oacute;n de animales al hato, cambios en la alimentaci&oacute;n y otros aspectos del manejo<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Condici&oacute;n corporal de las hembras<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Signos oculares, y descargas nasales<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Descargas vulvares, vaginitis<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Examen genital (pre&ntilde;ez, metritis, fetos momificados)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<img alt=\"Aborto bovino causado entre 4 y 6 meses de gestación por Diarrea Viral Bovina (UST, Med. Veterinaria, 2011).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art54-brucelosis\/aborto-bovino.jpg\" style=\"height:307px; width:409px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 153, 255); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Figura 2. &nbsp;Aborto bovino causado entre 4 y 6 meses de gestaci&oacute;n por Diarrea Viral Bovina (UST, Med. Veterinaria, 2011)<\/span><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El aborto bovino trae como consecuencia una disminuci&oacute;n importante en la producci&oacute;n ganadera, generando altas p&eacute;rdidas econ&oacute;micas a nivel mundial.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La medicina preventiva tiende a disminuir los problemas reproductivos causados por virus y bacterias.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. Enfermedades abortivas en el ganado bovino. N&uacute;m. 54. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000080\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Campero, Carlos PY - 2006.&nbsp; Causas infecciosas y parasitarias del aborto bovino.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">&Aacute;vila-Garc&iacute;a Jorge. 2007. Enfermedades abortivas. Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hermelinda Rivera, G. 2001. Causas frecuentes de aborto bovino. Rev Inv Vet Per&uacute; 12(2): 117-122.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Anderson, M.L. 2007. Infectious causes of bovine abortion during mid to late gestation. Theriogenology. 68 (3) 474-486.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hermelinda Rivera, G.; Benito Z&uacute;&ntilde;iga, A. 2004.&nbsp; Etiolog&iacute;a del aborto bovino.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Morrel, E. 2010. Caracterizaci&oacute;n diagn&oacute;stica de las causas infecciosas del aborto bovino.&nbsp; Laboratorio de Patolog&iacute;a Veterinaria, Grupo de Sanidad Animal, &Aacute;rea de Producci&oacute;n Animal, INTA Estaci&oacute;n Experimental Agropecuaria de Balcarce. 1-160.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2020-08-28 10:00:46","updated":"2020-08-31 10:30:25","published":"2020-08-31 10:30:25","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/ganaderia"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"enfermedades-abortivas-del-ganado-bovino","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"enfermedades-abortivas-del-ganado-bovino","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}