{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":664,"views":224544,"title":"El Calostro Bovino","fb_title":"","link":"el-calostro-bovino","desc":"El calostro es la primera secreción de la glándula mamaria de los mamíferos obtenida después del parto, y es de suma importancia en la crianza de becerros para asegurar un desarrollo correcto y evitar enfermedades en el recién nacido, conocer sus características y funciones provee de ayuda para un mejor suministro y garantiza la adecuada absorción de Inmunoglobulinas por los becerros.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art51-calostros\/becerrito.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Composición de calostro, anticuerpos del bovino, funciones del calostro bovino","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/51. El  Calostro Bovino.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#ff6600\"><em>Autores: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Placenta cotiledonaria en bovinos \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art51-calostros\/placenta.jpg\" style=\"height:445px; width:552px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Placenta cotiledonaria en bovinos (Lezcano, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las inmunoglobulinas (Ig) son las mol&eacute;culas del sistema inmune con la funci&oacute;n de proteger el organismo frente a agentes extra&ntilde;os. La placenta de los bovinos (cotiledonaria) impide totalmente el paso de Igs desde la madre hacia el feto, por ello, los terneros nacen con baja o nula protecci&oacute;n y son m&aacute;s susceptibles a pat&oacute;genos que pueden ocasionarles enfermedades e incluso la muerte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los reci&eacute;n nacidos pueden estar protegidos ante infecciones mediante el consumo de calostro. El calostro es la primera secreci&oacute;n de la gl&aacute;ndula mamaria de los mam&iacute;feros obtenida despu&eacute;s del parto. Su importancia radica en el potencial de nutrici&oacute;n, protecci&oacute;n e hidrataci&oacute;n que brinda a los terneros.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Composici&oacute;n del calostro<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La composici&oacute;n del calostro var&iacute;a debido a un gran n&uacute;mero de factores incluyendo el n&uacute;mero de orde&ntilde;o por lo que se recomienda que se suministren las primeras secreciones. El calostro difiere apreciablemente de la leche en composici&oacute;n, propiedades f&iacute;sicas y funciones. En el Cuadro 1 se muestra la comparativa del calostro y la leche; es notable la variaci&oacute;n de los compuestos y el alto contenido de nutrientes en el calostro, mismos que son importantes para el ternero y le ayudan a adaptarse al nuevo ambiente. El calostro es de color amarillo a rosa, consistencia espesa, y contiene 60 veces m&aacute;s inmunoglobulinas, dos veces m&aacute;s s&oacute;lidos, y 100 veces m&aacute;s vitamina A.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); width:196px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Composici&oacute;n porcentual del calostro y leche (Walter, 2003).<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Calostro (%)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Leche (%)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Materia seca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">21.10<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">12.90<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Grasa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">4.50<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">3.50<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Prote&iacute;na Total<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">13.00<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">3.40<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Case&iacute;na<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">5.72<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">2.66<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Alb&uacute;mina y globulinas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">7.33<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">0.74<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Lactosa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">2.90<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">4.90<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Minerales<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">1.10<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">0.70<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El calostro es el primer alimento que deben consumir los terneros, y posee tres <strong>funciones<\/strong> b&aacute;sicas:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Protecci&oacute;n del reci&eacute;n nacido durante los primeros d&iacute;as de vida frente a las posibles infecciones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Aporte de energ&iacute;a para combatir la hipotermia, debido a su alto valor energ&eacute;tico.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Facilitar el tr&aacute;nsito intestinal, lo cual ayuda a la ternera a expulsar el meconio (materia fecal fetal).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El intestino del ternero reci&eacute;n nacido es muy eficiente para la absorci&oacute;n de toda clase de Ig, absorbe los anticuerpos por 6 horas aproximadamente. Despu&eacute;s de este tiempo, su capacidad de absorci&oacute;n disminuye y es nula a las 24 horas de vida, como se muestra en el cuadro 2.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); width:294px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Porcentaje de absorci&oacute;n de anticuerpos en las primeras horas de vida del ternero (Adaptado de Owen, 2003).<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Edad del ternero (horas)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Porcentaje de absorci&oacute;n (%)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">20<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">15<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">10<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>12<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">5<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>24<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Factores que influyen en la calidad y cantidad del calostro<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La raza de la madre.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El n&uacute;mero de lactancia de la madre. La concentraci&oacute;n de Igs aumenta proporcionalmente con la edad de la vaca y el n&uacute;mero de partos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Duraci&oacute;n del per&iacute;odo seco de la vaca. La acumulaci&oacute;n de Igs comienza a partir del periodo de secado de la vaca y alcanza su m&aacute;xima concentraci&oacute;n al momento del parto, por lo cual se recomienda un periodo de 45 d&iacute;as.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Estado sanitario de la vaca. No se debe administrar calostro de vacas enfermas (con mastitis, leucosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Al obtener un calostro de buena calidad se puede reducir la mortalidad de los animales. Los terneros con ausencia de calostro o los que absorben cantidades menores de Igs, ser&aacute;n m&aacute;s susceptibles a padecer infecciones provocadas por bacterias como septicemia, enteritis y enterotoxemia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Para que estas situaciones no se presenten, es conveniente que las vacas pr&oacute;ximas al parto se concentren en alg&uacute;n lugar donde sea f&aacute;cil observarlas. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Vaca de raza Holstein alimentándose de pasto\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art51-calostros\/vaca-holstein.jpg\" style=\"height:324px; width:475px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Vaca de raza Holstein aliment&aacute;ndose de pasto <\/strong>(<strong>Walter, 2003).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Terneros mamando calostro de la ubre materna dentro de las primeras horas posteriores al parto \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art51-calostros\/ternero.jpg\" style=\"height:302px; width:484px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 3. Terneros mamando calostro de la ubre materna dentro de las primeras horas posteriores al parto (RedMidia, 2018).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Esto permite, garantizar que el ternero consuma calostro y atender cualquier problema que se produzca durante el parto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Capac&iacute;tate y aprende sobre la crianza de becerras en lactancia y el manejo reproductivo de las vacas y el manejo correcto del parto en nuestro curso online<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/cursos\/online\/ganaderia\/curso-de-manejo-de-un-establo\"><strong>Manejo de un Establo: Camino hacia la productividad y competitividad<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#000000\">este 31 de julio 2020.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. Caracter&iacute;sticas y Funciones del Calostro. N&uacute;m. 51. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bielmann, V., J. Gillan, N. R. Perkins, A. L. Skidmore, S. Godden and K. E. Leslie. 2010. J. Dairy Sci. 93: 3713&ndash;3721.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Casas Mariela y Canto Francisco. 2015. La importancia del calostro en el bovino.&nbsp; INIA, Instituto Investigaciones Agropecuarias.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Chac&oacute;n, P. 2009. El calostro y su uso en la alimentaci&oacute;n de terneras.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Elizondo, J. 2007. Alimentaci&oacute;n y manejo del calostro en el ganado de leche. Revista Agronom&iacute;a Mesoamericana 18(2): 271-281.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Vann, RC; Baker, JF. 2001. Calf serum IgG concentrations affects weaning performance. Journal of Animal Science. 79:223-224.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Walter, Bonilla. 2003. Importancia del calostro en la alimentaci&oacute;n del ternero reci&eacute;n nacido. Programa Leche. 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El  Calostro Bovino.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#ff6600\"><em>Autores: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Placenta cotiledonaria en bovinos \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art51-calostros\/placenta.jpg\" style=\"height:445px; width:552px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Placenta cotiledonaria en bovinos (Lezcano, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las inmunoglobulinas (Ig) son las mol&eacute;culas del sistema inmune con la funci&oacute;n de proteger el organismo frente a agentes extra&ntilde;os. La placenta de los bovinos (cotiledonaria) impide totalmente el paso de Igs desde la madre hacia el feto, por ello, los terneros nacen con baja o nula protecci&oacute;n y son m&aacute;s susceptibles a pat&oacute;genos que pueden ocasionarles enfermedades e incluso la muerte.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los reci&eacute;n nacidos pueden estar protegidos ante infecciones mediante el consumo de calostro. El calostro es la primera secreci&oacute;n de la gl&aacute;ndula mamaria de los mam&iacute;feros obtenida despu&eacute;s del parto. Su importancia radica en el potencial de nutrici&oacute;n, protecci&oacute;n e hidrataci&oacute;n que brinda a los terneros.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Composici&oacute;n del calostro<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La composici&oacute;n del calostro var&iacute;a debido a un gran n&uacute;mero de factores incluyendo el n&uacute;mero de orde&ntilde;o por lo que se recomienda que se suministren las primeras secreciones. El calostro difiere apreciablemente de la leche en composici&oacute;n, propiedades f&iacute;sicas y funciones. En el Cuadro 1 se muestra la comparativa del calostro y la leche; es notable la variaci&oacute;n de los compuestos y el alto contenido de nutrientes en el calostro, mismos que son importantes para el ternero y le ayudan a adaptarse al nuevo ambiente. El calostro es de color amarillo a rosa, consistencia espesa, y contiene 60 veces m&aacute;s inmunoglobulinas, dos veces m&aacute;s s&oacute;lidos, y 100 veces m&aacute;s vitamina A.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); width:196px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Composici&oacute;n porcentual del calostro y leche (Walter, 2003).<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Calostro (%)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Leche (%)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Materia seca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">21.10<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">12.90<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Grasa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">4.50<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">3.50<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Prote&iacute;na Total<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">13.00<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">3.40<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Case&iacute;na<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">5.72<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">2.66<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Alb&uacute;mina y globulinas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">7.33<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">0.74<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Lactosa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">2.90<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">4.90<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Minerales<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">1.10<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:196px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">0.70<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El calostro es el primer alimento que deben consumir los terneros, y posee tres <strong>funciones<\/strong> b&aacute;sicas:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Protecci&oacute;n del reci&eacute;n nacido durante los primeros d&iacute;as de vida frente a las posibles infecciones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Aporte de energ&iacute;a para combatir la hipotermia, debido a su alto valor energ&eacute;tico.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Facilitar el tr&aacute;nsito intestinal, lo cual ayuda a la ternera a expulsar el meconio (materia fecal fetal).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El intestino del ternero reci&eacute;n nacido es muy eficiente para la absorci&oacute;n de toda clase de Ig, absorbe los anticuerpos por 6 horas aproximadamente. Despu&eacute;s de este tiempo, su capacidad de absorci&oacute;n disminuye y es nula a las 24 horas de vida, como se muestra en el cuadro 2.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 153, 0); width:294px\">&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Porcentaje de absorci&oacute;n de anticuerpos en las primeras horas de vida del ternero (Adaptado de Owen, 2003).<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Edad del ternero (horas)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Porcentaje de absorci&oacute;n (%)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">20<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">15<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">10<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>12<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">5<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>24<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 204, 102); width:294px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Factores que influyen en la calidad y cantidad del calostro<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La raza de la madre.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El n&uacute;mero de lactancia de la madre. La concentraci&oacute;n de Igs aumenta proporcionalmente con la edad de la vaca y el n&uacute;mero de partos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Duraci&oacute;n del per&iacute;odo seco de la vaca. La acumulaci&oacute;n de Igs comienza a partir del periodo de secado de la vaca y alcanza su m&aacute;xima concentraci&oacute;n al momento del parto, por lo cual se recomienda un periodo de 45 d&iacute;as.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Estado sanitario de la vaca. No se debe administrar calostro de vacas enfermas (con mastitis, leucosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Al obtener un calostro de buena calidad se puede reducir la mortalidad de los animales. Los terneros con ausencia de calostro o los que absorben cantidades menores de Igs, ser&aacute;n m&aacute;s susceptibles a padecer infecciones provocadas por bacterias como septicemia, enteritis y enterotoxemia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Para que estas situaciones no se presenten, es conveniente que las vacas pr&oacute;ximas al parto se concentren en alg&uacute;n lugar donde sea f&aacute;cil observarlas. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Vaca de raza Holstein alimentándose de pasto\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art51-calostros\/vaca-holstein.jpg\" style=\"height:324px; width:475px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Vaca de raza Holstein aliment&aacute;ndose de pasto <\/strong>(<strong>Walter, 2003).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\"Terneros mamando calostro de la ubre materna dentro de las primeras horas posteriores al parto \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art51-calostros\/ternero.jpg\" style=\"height:302px; width:484px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 102, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 3. Terneros mamando calostro de la ubre materna dentro de las primeras horas posteriores al parto (RedMidia, 2018).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Esto permite, garantizar que el ternero consuma calostro y atender cualquier problema que se produzca durante el parto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Capac&iacute;tate y aprende sobre la crianza de becerras en lactancia y el manejo reproductivo de las vacas y el manejo correcto del parto en nuestro curso online<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/cursos\/online\/ganaderia\/curso-de-manejo-de-un-establo\"><strong>Manejo de un Establo: Camino hacia la productividad y competitividad<\/strong><\/a> <span style=\"color:#000000\">este 31 de julio 2020.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2020. Caracter&iacute;sticas y Funciones del Calostro. N&uacute;m. 51. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Bielmann, V., J. Gillan, N. R. Perkins, A. L. Skidmore, S. Godden and K. E. Leslie. 2010. J. Dairy Sci. 93: 3713&ndash;3721.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Casas Mariela y Canto Francisco. 2015. La importancia del calostro en el bovino.&nbsp; INIA, Instituto Investigaciones Agropecuarias.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Chac&oacute;n, P. 2009. El calostro y su uso en la alimentaci&oacute;n de terneras.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Elizondo, J. 2007. Alimentaci&oacute;n y manejo del calostro en el ganado de leche. Revista Agronom&iacute;a Mesoamericana 18(2): 271-281.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Vann, RC; Baker, JF. 2001. Calf serum IgG concentrations affects weaning performance. Journal of Animal Science. 79:223-224.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Walter, Bonilla. 2003. Importancia del calostro en la alimentaci&oacute;n del ternero reci&eacute;n nacido. Programa Leche. Biblioteca INIA.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2020-07-21 10:58:14","updated":"2020-07-24 08:06:42","published":"2020-07-24 08:06:42","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/ganaderia"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"el-calostro-bovino","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"el-calostro-bovino","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}