{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":786,"views":33698,"title":"Cetosis, una enfermedad metabólica en bovinos que se puede prevenir","fb_title":"","link":"cetosis-una-enfermedad-metabolica-en-bovinos","desc":"La cetosis es una enfermedad caracterizada por un desequilibrio en el metabolismo de los carbohidratos produciendo cetonemia. Ocurre durante la lactación del ganado lechero. Cuando los signos se presentan en varias vacas del hato es posible que la mayoría de las vacas desarrollaran cetosis si la alimentación no cambia. ","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art106-cetosis\/cetosis-vaca.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Enfermedades Metabólicas, Bovinos de leche, Partos en Vacas, Cetosis, Cuerpos cetónicos ","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/106. Cetosis una enfermedad metabolica.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#006400\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es una condici&oacute;n muy com&uacute;n que afecta al ganado lechero.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La cetosis es una enfermedad metab&oacute;lica producida durante la lactaci&oacute;n como consecuencia de un trastorno en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y de las grasas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es com&uacute;n en vacas lecheras altas productoras y en vacas en tercera semana de lactaci&oacute;n, en la que se requiere de grandes cantidades de glucosa, dado el gran esfuerzo metab&oacute;lico para esta etapa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\"><img alt=\"Etiología de Cetosis (Covarrubias, 2021)\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art106-cetosis\/ciclo.jpg\" style=\"height:446px; width:800px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Imagen 1. Etiolog&iacute;a de Cetosis (Covarrubias, 2021).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Etiolog&iacute;a<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es multifactorial, destacando:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alimentaci&oacute;n deficiente en carbohidratos al inicio de la lactancia (dietas mal balanceadas).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Desnutrici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">S&iacute;ndrome de la vaca gorda.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">S&iacute;ndrome adrenal o cetosis espont&aacute;nea donde hay falta de ACTH y\/o cortisol, por lo tanto, no hay glucog&eacute;nesis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Dietas exclusivas de prote&iacute;na que, para su metabolismo y uso, requieren gran cantidad de energ&iacute;a, por lo que extraen m&aacute;s carbohidratos de los que proporciona la dieta.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\" style=\"width:604px\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 153, 255); height:25px; width:604px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Clasificaci&oacute;n de Cetosis (Oetzel, 2001).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Tipo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Caracter&iacute;sticas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis Tipo 1<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis espontanea. Afecta a animales en las 2-6 semanas pos parto que o pueden ingerir la suficiente cantidad de energ&iacute;a para cubrir sus necesidades.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis Tipo 2<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis que se asocia al desarrollo del s&iacute;ndrome de la vaca gorda o s&iacute;ndrome de h&iacute;gado graso que cursa con balance energ&eacute;tico negativo antes del parto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:32px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis Tipo 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:32px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis por silos but&iacute;ricos. Silos muy h&uacute;medos en condiciones que favorecen la fermentaci&oacute;n but&iacute;rica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"clear:both;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Signos <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los signos pueden mostrarse de una forma &ldquo;ligera&rdquo; al comienzo pero con el tiempo empeorar.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ca&iacute;da en la producci&oacute;n l&aacute;ctea<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Heces cubiertas de moco<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Movimientos limitados<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor cet&oacute;nico del aliento, orina y\/o leche de la vaca<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">P&eacute;rdida de apetito<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">P&eacute;rdida de peso, leve al inicio, pero incrementa si la cetosis no es tratada<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Pica (deseo urgente de comer algo extra&ntilde;o), rechazo a comer material grosero y grano.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Clasificaci&oacute;n de cetosis seg&uacute;n su origen<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cetosis primaria. <\/strong>Producida&nbsp; por el desequilibrio primario de los gl&uacute;cidos y l&iacute;pidos (insuficiente aporte de energ&iacute;a, con movilizaci&oacute;n excesiva de grasas).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cetosis secundaria. <\/strong>Producida por cualquier otra patolog&iacute;a que afecta al poder de ingesti&oacute;n (metritis, mastitis, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cetosis nerviosa. <\/strong>Es variable, comienza en forma brusca, mostrando agitaci&oacute;n y deambular en c&iacute;rculos, present&aacute;ndose, movimientos de &ldquo;remo&rdquo; o cruzamiento de patas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Diagn&oacute;stico<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se realiza por signos cl&iacute;nicos y por uso de reactivos comerciales: Acetest, Cetotest, prueba de Rothera, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Tratamiento<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Suministrar energ&iacute;a: Dextrosa al 50%, 250-500 ml IV.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Proporcionar sustratos glucog&eacute;nicos: Propilenglicol y glicerol 225 g 2 veces al d&iacute;a por 2 d&iacute;as por VO y acetato de amonio 200 g\/d&iacute;a por 5 d&iacute;as.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Dar glucorticoides para incrementar la glucog&eacute;nesis, bloquear el metabolismo de los l&iacute;pidos, aumentar el apetito y disminuir el estr&eacute;s aunque bajen la producci&oacute;n l&aacute;ctea. Por lo anterior, no se deben administrar por m&aacute;s de 2 d&iacute;as.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Acetato de prednisolona: 50-200 mg IM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Betametasona: 20 mg IM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Aplicar hormonas glucog&eacute;nicas como ACTH y cortisol: 100 a 300 UI IM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Prevenci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las medidas preventivas est&aacute;n orientadas a una buena nutrici&oacute;n para evitar la movilizaci&oacute;n de las grasas en las vacas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- Condiciones propicias durante la lactancia y el periodo seco<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- Alimento concentrado en cantidades peque&ntilde;as durante dos semanas antes del parto<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- Evitar la sobrealimentaci&oacute;n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- M&aacute;xima ingesta de materia seca<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2021. 106. Cetosis, una enfermedad metab&oacute;lica en bovinos que se puede prevenir. N&uacute;m. 106. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Covarrubias. 2021. Enfermedades metab&oacute;licas en el ganado lechero. Curso Intagri.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Pastor y Cebri&aacute;n. 2002. Cetosis bovina: origen, diagn&oacute;stico y tratamientos. Departamento de patolog&iacute;a animal. Facultad de Veterinaria. Zaragoza.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Patr&oacute;n y Gonz&aacute;lez. 2016. Tratamiento de la cetosis: recorrido hist&oacute;rico y actualidad. Asesor&iacute;a e Investigaci&oacute;n Veterinaria SL.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Per&uacute; L&aacute;ctea. 2010. &iquest;Qu&eacute; es la cetosis bovina? Enfermedades metab&oacute;licas en bovinos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">SADER. 2015. Cetosis Bovina. Fomento Ganadero y Agr&iacute;cola. Inocuidad. Gobierno del Estado.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2022-01-20 17:14:04","updated":"2022-01-24 18:55:33","published":"2022-01-24 18:55:33","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Ocurre durante la lactación del ganado lechero. Cuando los signos se presentan en varias vacas del hato es posible que la mayoría de las vacas desarrollaran cetosis si la alimentación no cambia. ","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art106-cetosis\/cetosis-vaca.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Enfermedades Metabólicas, Bovinos de leche, Partos en Vacas, Cetosis, Cuerpos cetónicos ","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/106. Cetosis una enfermedad metabolica.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#006400\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es una condici&oacute;n muy com&uacute;n que afecta al ganado lechero.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La cetosis es una enfermedad metab&oacute;lica producida durante la lactaci&oacute;n como consecuencia de un trastorno en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y de las grasas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es com&uacute;n en vacas lecheras altas productoras y en vacas en tercera semana de lactaci&oacute;n, en la que se requiere de grandes cantidades de glucosa, dado el gran esfuerzo metab&oacute;lico para esta etapa.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\"><img alt=\"Etiología de Cetosis (Covarrubias, 2021)\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art106-cetosis\/ciclo.jpg\" style=\"height:446px; width:800px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Imagen 1. Etiolog&iacute;a de Cetosis (Covarrubias, 2021).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Etiolog&iacute;a<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es multifactorial, destacando:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alimentaci&oacute;n deficiente en carbohidratos al inicio de la lactancia (dietas mal balanceadas).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Desnutrici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">S&iacute;ndrome de la vaca gorda.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">S&iacute;ndrome adrenal o cetosis espont&aacute;nea donde hay falta de ACTH y\/o cortisol, por lo tanto, no hay glucog&eacute;nesis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Dietas exclusivas de prote&iacute;na que, para su metabolismo y uso, requieren gran cantidad de energ&iacute;a, por lo que extraen m&aacute;s carbohidratos de los que proporciona la dieta.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\" style=\"width:604px\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 153, 255); height:25px; width:604px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Clasificaci&oacute;n de Cetosis (Oetzel, 2001).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Tipo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:23px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Caracter&iacute;sticas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis Tipo 1<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis espontanea. Afecta a animales en las 2-6 semanas pos parto que o pueden ingerir la suficiente cantidad de energ&iacute;a para cubrir sus necesidades.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis Tipo 2<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:15px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis que se asocia al desarrollo del s&iacute;ndrome de la vaca gorda o s&iacute;ndrome de h&iacute;gado graso que cursa con balance energ&eacute;tico negativo antes del parto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:32px; width:255px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis Tipo 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:32px; width:349px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cetosis por silos but&iacute;ricos. Silos muy h&uacute;medos en condiciones que favorecen la fermentaci&oacute;n but&iacute;rica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"clear:both;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Signos <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los signos pueden mostrarse de una forma &ldquo;ligera&rdquo; al comienzo pero con el tiempo empeorar.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ca&iacute;da en la producci&oacute;n l&aacute;ctea<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Heces cubiertas de moco<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Movimientos limitados<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Olor cet&oacute;nico del aliento, orina y\/o leche de la vaca<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">P&eacute;rdida de apetito<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">P&eacute;rdida de peso, leve al inicio, pero incrementa si la cetosis no es tratada<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Pica (deseo urgente de comer algo extra&ntilde;o), rechazo a comer material grosero y grano.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Clasificaci&oacute;n de cetosis seg&uacute;n su origen<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cetosis primaria. <\/strong>Producida&nbsp; por el desequilibrio primario de los gl&uacute;cidos y l&iacute;pidos (insuficiente aporte de energ&iacute;a, con movilizaci&oacute;n excesiva de grasas).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cetosis secundaria. <\/strong>Producida por cualquier otra patolog&iacute;a que afecta al poder de ingesti&oacute;n (metritis, mastitis, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cetosis nerviosa. <\/strong>Es variable, comienza en forma brusca, mostrando agitaci&oacute;n y deambular en c&iacute;rculos, present&aacute;ndose, movimientos de &ldquo;remo&rdquo; o cruzamiento de patas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Diagn&oacute;stico<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se realiza por signos cl&iacute;nicos y por uso de reactivos comerciales: Acetest, Cetotest, prueba de Rothera, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Tratamiento<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Suministrar energ&iacute;a: Dextrosa al 50%, 250-500 ml IV.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Proporcionar sustratos glucog&eacute;nicos: Propilenglicol y glicerol 225 g 2 veces al d&iacute;a por 2 d&iacute;as por VO y acetato de amonio 200 g\/d&iacute;a por 5 d&iacute;as.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Dar glucorticoides para incrementar la glucog&eacute;nesis, bloquear el metabolismo de los l&iacute;pidos, aumentar el apetito y disminuir el estr&eacute;s aunque bajen la producci&oacute;n l&aacute;ctea. Por lo anterior, no se deben administrar por m&aacute;s de 2 d&iacute;as.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Acetato de prednisolona: 50-200 mg IM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Betametasona: 20 mg IM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Aplicar hormonas glucog&eacute;nicas como ACTH y cortisol: 100 a 300 UI IM.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Prevenci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Las medidas preventivas est&aacute;n orientadas a una buena nutrici&oacute;n para evitar la movilizaci&oacute;n de las grasas en las vacas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- Condiciones propicias durante la lactancia y el periodo seco<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- Alimento concentrado en cantidades peque&ntilde;as durante dos semanas antes del parto<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- Evitar la sobrealimentaci&oacute;n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">- M&aacute;xima ingesta de materia seca<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2021. 106. Cetosis, una enfermedad metab&oacute;lica en bovinos que se puede prevenir. N&uacute;m. 106. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000FF\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Covarrubias. 2021. Enfermedades metab&oacute;licas en el ganado lechero. Curso Intagri.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Pastor y Cebri&aacute;n. 2002. Cetosis bovina: origen, diagn&oacute;stico y tratamientos. Departamento de patolog&iacute;a animal. Facultad de Veterinaria. Zaragoza.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Patr&oacute;n y Gonz&aacute;lez. 2016. Tratamiento de la cetosis: recorrido hist&oacute;rico y actualidad. Asesor&iacute;a e Investigaci&oacute;n Veterinaria SL.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Per&uacute; L&aacute;ctea. 2010. &iquest;Qu&eacute; es la cetosis bovina? Enfermedades metab&oacute;licas en bovinos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">SADER. 2015. Cetosis Bovina. Fomento Ganadero y Agr&iacute;cola. Inocuidad. Gobierno del Estado.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2022-01-20 17:14:04","updated":"2022-01-24 18:55:33","published":"2022-01-24 18:55:33","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/ganaderia"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"cetosis-una-enfermedad-metabolica-en-bovinos","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"cetosis-una-enfermedad-metabolica-en-bovinos","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}