{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":721,"views":47226,"title":"Cesárea en Bovinos","fb_title":"","link":"cesarea-en-bovinos","desc":"La cesárea en bovinos está indicada cuando la expulsión del producto es difícil, imposible o cuando el proceso del parto no puede completarse de manera normal y existe riesgo de causar daño irreparable en la vaca durante el parto.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art75-cesarea-bovinos\/cesarea.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":18,"related":"","keywords":"Cesárea vacas, Anestesia y sedación en bovinos, técnicas de cesárea","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Ganaderia\/75. Cesarea en Bovinos.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#006400\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El &eacute;xito de la cirug&iacute;a de campo depende en primer t&eacute;rmino de establecer un diagn&oacute;stico correcto, seguido de las medidas higi&eacute;nicas y de la sedaci&oacute;n y anestesia adecuadas que permitan practicar una cirug&iacute;a sin complicaciones.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:15px; width:622px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Cuidados preoperatorios y posoperatorios de ces&aacute;rea en Bovinos (Ordo&ntilde;ez <em>et al<\/em> 2014).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuidados preoperatorios<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuidados posoperatorios<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:17px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ayuno<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:17px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alojamiento<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Tricotom&iacute;a y lavado de la piel<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Higiene de la piel<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Inmovilizaci&oacute;n del paciente<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alimentaci&oacute;n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:21px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Esterilizaci&oacute;n del instrumental<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Antisepsia<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:20px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Terapia con antimicrobianos y desinflamatorios no esteroidales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:18px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Preparaci&oacute;n del cirujano y sus ayudantes<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\" style=\"width:633px\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:26px; width:633px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Antimicrobianos y desinflamatorios no esteroidales recomendados en ces&aacute;rea en Bovinos (Ordo&ntilde;ez <em>et al<\/em>, 2014).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(0, 204, 153); height:23px; width:307px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Antimicrobianos<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(0, 204, 153); height:23px; width:326px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Desinflamatorios no esteroidales<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 102); height:139px; width:307px\">\r\n\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Penicilina G (11,000 &ndash; 22,000 UI\/Kg, IM cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Enrofloxacina (2.5 mg\/Kg, IV &oacute; IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 102); height:139px; width:326px\">\r\n\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fenilbutazona (5mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">&Aacute;cido Tolfen&aacute;mico (0.2 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Piroxicam (0.3 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Flunixin(1.1 &ndash; 2.2 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ketoprofeno (2 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 102); height:150px; width:307px\">\r\n\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Trimetoprim\/Sulfametoxasol (30mg\/Kg, IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Gentamicina (4 mg\/Kg, IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ceftiofur (1-2 mg\/Kg, IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Sedaci&oacute;n y anestesia en bovinos<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Sedaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">En este grupo encontramos a la Acepromazina (0.02 &ndash; 0.05 mg\/Kg IV; 0.05 &ndash; 0.1 mg\/Kg IM) y a la propiopromacina (0.2 &ndash; 0.4 mg\/Kg IV; 0.2 &ndash; 1 mg\/Kg IM).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>T&eacute;cnicas de anestesia local y regional<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia por infiltraci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">-Infiltraci&oacute;n en la l&iacute;nea de incisi&oacute;n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia de conducci&oacute;n o por bloqueo nervioso<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">-Infiltraci&oacute;n en forma de &ldquo;L&rdquo; invertida.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia paravertebral toraco &ndash; lumbar.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Por lo general se bloquean los nervios T13, L1 y L2, obteniendo un efecto satisfactorio para la mayor&iacute;a de las cirug&iacute;as abdominales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia epidural.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Consiste en depositar el anest&eacute;sico local en el espacio epidural del canal vertebral.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Este bloqueo insensibiliza la vulva, ano, cola y perineo.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Anestesia epidural en bovinos (Martínez, 2003).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art75-cesarea-bovinos\/Anestecia.jpg\" style=\"height:448px; width:357px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 153); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Bovino con argolla nasal colocada (Farmpool, 2015).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Ces&aacute;rea<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se realiza la operaci&oacute;n cuando existe un producto vivo, muerto y\/o en descomposici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los cirujanos tienen un mayor &eacute;xito cuando realizan la ces&aacute;rea dentro de las 18 h despu&eacute;s de la etapa de expulsi&oacute;n del parto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Indicaciones<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Si el producto se encuentra vivo y no es posible colocarlo en presentaci&oacute;n, posici&oacute;n y actitud normales.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En casos de estrechez p&eacute;lvica o de la vulva.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cuando el conducto obst&eacute;trico se encuentra inflamado por traumatismos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En la presencia de productos demasiado grandes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Torsi&oacute;n uterina superior a 90&deg; e hidropes&iacute;a de las membranas fetales.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Contraindicaciones<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Peritonitis y la pared uterina friable por la presencia de un producto en estado de descomposici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ruptura de la matriz por traumatismos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En vacas con una mediocre producci&oacute;n esperada.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Presencia de enfermedades concomitantes como mastitis, neumon&iacute;a.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Si las condiciones materiales no lo permiten.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>T&eacute;cnicas de la ces&aacute;rea<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">1. T&eacute;cnica en el flanco izquierdo, con la paciente de pie.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">2. T&eacute;cnica ventral, incidiendo la l&iacute;nea media (o l&iacute;nea alba).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">3. T&eacute;cnica ventrolateral o t&eacute;cnica alemana.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Cesárea en bovino (Guzmán, 2017).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art75-cesarea-bovinos\/cesarea-en-proceso.jpg\" style=\"height:496px; width:355px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 153); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Ces&aacute;rea en bovino (Guzm&aacute;n, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Ces&aacute;rea en el flanco izquierdo con la vaca de pie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-roman\">\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es la t&eacute;cnica de elecci&oacute;n cuando el producto est&aacute; vivo.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es la alternativa a elegir cuando no es posible hacer una fetotom&iacute;a.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En casos de torsi&oacute;n uterina.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cuando hay falta de dilataci&oacute;n cervical.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hembras que presentan problemas a nivel p&eacute;lvico (estrechez o fracturas).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Neoplasias en labios vulvares y\/o vagina.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>T&eacute;cnica<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se realiza la incisi&oacute;n de la piel, m&uacute;sculos oblicuos, transverso abdominal y peritoneo.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Para localizar el &uacute;tero se debe desplazar cranealmente el saco ventral del rumen.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La exteriorizaci&oacute;n de la matriz se facilita aplicando relajante uterino.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Ces&aacute;rea por l&iacute;nea media <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Esta t&eacute;cnica se practica bajo el efecto de la xilacina en dosis elevada y anestesia por infiltraci&oacute;n en la l&iacute;nea de incisi&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La incisi&oacute;n se inicia caudal a la cicatriz umbilical y se prolonga hasta el borde craneal de la gl&aacute;ndula mamaria; en caso necesario se puede rebasar la cicatriz umbilical.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Complicaciones<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Inflamaci&oacute;n de los tejidos que circundan la herida quir&uacute;rgica<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Retenci&oacute;n placentaria<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Retraso en la involuci&oacute;n uterina con metritis, adherencias y peritonitis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Nacimiento de becerro por cesárea (Guzmán, 2017).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art75-cesarea-bovinos\/nacimiento.jpg\" style=\"height:499px; width:403px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 153); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 3. Nacimiento de becerro por ces&aacute;rea (Guzm&aacute;n, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Pron&oacute;stico<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los resultados en general son muy satisfactorios en recuperaci&oacute;n, producci&oacute;n de leche y aptitud para fecundarse y volver a parir fisiol&oacute;gicamente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2021. Ces&aacute;rea en Bovinos. N&uacute;m. 75. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 5 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Dawson, J. C., Murray, R. 1992. Caesarean sections in cattle attended by a practice in Cheshire. Vet. Rec. 131: 525- 527.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Derivaux, J. Fisiopatolog&iacute;a de la Gestaci&oacute;n y Obstetricia Veterinaria, Editorial Acribia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Frazer, G. S., Perkins, N. R., 2000. Caesarean section. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract, 11 (1): 19-35.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez, R. 2014. T&eacute;cnicas quir&uacute;rgicas del bovino. Editorial Trillas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez, R. Tovar, I. 2016. Urgencias quir&uacute;rgicas en bovinos. Editorial Trillas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez, R., Tovar, I. 2016. Cirug&iacute;a de campo en animales de abasto. Editorial Trillas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Pansh, S. M., Tyler, J. W., Ginsky, J. V. 1995. Left oblique celiotomy approach for cesarean section in standing cows. 207 (6): 751-752.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2021-04-06 19:55:51","updated":"2021-04-06 20:56:08","published":"2021-04-06 20:56:06","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Cesarea en Bovinos.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><span style=\"color:#006400\"><em>Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">El &eacute;xito de la cirug&iacute;a de campo depende en primer t&eacute;rmino de establecer un diagn&oacute;stico correcto, seguido de las medidas higi&eacute;nicas y de la sedaci&oacute;n y anestesia adecuadas que permitan practicar una cirug&iacute;a sin complicaciones.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:15px; width:622px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Cuidados preoperatorios y posoperatorios de ces&aacute;rea en Bovinos (Ordo&ntilde;ez <em>et al<\/em> 2014).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuidados preoperatorios<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:19px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Cuidados posoperatorios<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:17px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ayuno<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:17px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alojamiento<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Tricotom&iacute;a y lavado de la piel<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Higiene de la piel<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Inmovilizaci&oacute;n del paciente<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:40px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Alimentaci&oacute;n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:21px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Esterilizaci&oacute;n del instrumental<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:20px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Antisepsia<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height:20px; width:316px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Terapia con antimicrobianos y desinflamatorios no esteroidales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"height:18px; width:306px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:4.05pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Preparaci&oacute;n del cirujano y sus ayudantes<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\"><!---Contenido a ocultar--->\r\n\r\n<table align=\"center\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\" style=\"width:633px\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(102, 204, 102); height:26px; width:633px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 2. Antimicrobianos y desinflamatorios no esteroidales recomendados en ces&aacute;rea en Bovinos (Ordo&ntilde;ez <em>et al<\/em>, 2014).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(0, 204, 153); height:23px; width:307px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Antimicrobianos<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(0, 204, 153); height:23px; width:326px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Desinflamatorios no esteroidales<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 102); height:139px; width:307px\">\r\n\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Penicilina G (11,000 &ndash; 22,000 UI\/Kg, IM cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Enrofloxacina (2.5 mg\/Kg, IV &oacute; IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 102); height:139px; width:326px\">\r\n\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Fenilbutazona (5mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">&Aacute;cido Tolfen&aacute;mico (0.2 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Piroxicam (0.3 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Flunixin(1.1 &ndash; 2.2 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ketoprofeno (2 mg\/kg)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-left:7.8pt\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 102); height:150px; width:307px\">\r\n\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Trimetoprim\/Sulfametoxasol (30mg\/Kg, IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Gentamicina (4 mg\/Kg, IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ceftiofur (1-2 mg\/Kg, IM, cada 24 horas)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Sedaci&oacute;n y anestesia en bovinos<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Sedaci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">En este grupo encontramos a la Acepromazina (0.02 &ndash; 0.05 mg\/Kg IV; 0.05 &ndash; 0.1 mg\/Kg IM) y a la propiopromacina (0.2 &ndash; 0.4 mg\/Kg IV; 0.2 &ndash; 1 mg\/Kg IM).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>T&eacute;cnicas de anestesia local y regional<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia por infiltraci&oacute;n<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">-Infiltraci&oacute;n en la l&iacute;nea de incisi&oacute;n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia de conducci&oacute;n o por bloqueo nervioso<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">-Infiltraci&oacute;n en forma de &ldquo;L&rdquo; invertida.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia paravertebral toraco &ndash; lumbar.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Por lo general se bloquean los nervios T13, L1 y L2, obteniendo un efecto satisfactorio para la mayor&iacute;a de las cirug&iacute;as abdominales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Anestesia epidural.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Consiste en depositar el anest&eacute;sico local en el espacio epidural del canal vertebral.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Este bloqueo insensibiliza la vulva, ano, cola y perineo.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Anestesia epidural en bovinos (Martínez, 2003).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art75-cesarea-bovinos\/Anestecia.jpg\" style=\"height:448px; width:357px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 153); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 1. Bovino con argolla nasal colocada (Farmpool, 2015).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Ces&aacute;rea<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se realiza la operaci&oacute;n cuando existe un producto vivo, muerto y\/o en descomposici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los cirujanos tienen un mayor &eacute;xito cuando realizan la ces&aacute;rea dentro de las 18 h despu&eacute;s de la etapa de expulsi&oacute;n del parto.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Indicaciones<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Si el producto se encuentra vivo y no es posible colocarlo en presentaci&oacute;n, posici&oacute;n y actitud normales.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En casos de estrechez p&eacute;lvica o de la vulva.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cuando el conducto obst&eacute;trico se encuentra inflamado por traumatismos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En la presencia de productos demasiado grandes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Torsi&oacute;n uterina superior a 90&deg; e hidropes&iacute;a de las membranas fetales.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Contraindicaciones<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Peritonitis y la pared uterina friable por la presencia de un producto en estado de descomposici&oacute;n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ruptura de la matriz por traumatismos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En vacas con una mediocre producci&oacute;n esperada.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Presencia de enfermedades concomitantes como mastitis, neumon&iacute;a.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Si las condiciones materiales no lo permiten.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>T&eacute;cnicas de la ces&aacute;rea<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">1. T&eacute;cnica en el flanco izquierdo, con la paciente de pie.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">2. T&eacute;cnica ventral, incidiendo la l&iacute;nea media (o l&iacute;nea alba).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">3. T&eacute;cnica ventrolateral o t&eacute;cnica alemana.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Cesárea en bovino (Guzmán, 2017).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art75-cesarea-bovinos\/cesarea-en-proceso.jpg\" style=\"height:496px; width:355px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 153); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 2. Ces&aacute;rea en bovino (Guzm&aacute;n, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-9\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Ces&aacute;rea en el flanco izquierdo con la vaca de pie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-roman\">\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es la t&eacute;cnica de elecci&oacute;n cuando el producto est&aacute; vivo.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Es la alternativa a elegir cuando no es posible hacer una fetotom&iacute;a.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">En casos de torsi&oacute;n uterina.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Cuando hay falta de dilataci&oacute;n cervical.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Hembras que presentan problemas a nivel p&eacute;lvico (estrechez o fracturas).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Neoplasias en labios vulvares y\/o vagina.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>T&eacute;cnica<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Se realiza la incisi&oacute;n de la piel, m&uacute;sculos oblicuos, transverso abdominal y peritoneo.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Para localizar el &uacute;tero se debe desplazar cranealmente el saco ventral del rumen.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La exteriorizaci&oacute;n de la matriz se facilita aplicando relajante uterino.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Ces&aacute;rea por l&iacute;nea media <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Esta t&eacute;cnica se practica bajo el efecto de la xilacina en dosis elevada y anestesia por infiltraci&oacute;n en la l&iacute;nea de incisi&oacute;n.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">La incisi&oacute;n se inicia caudal a la cicatriz umbilical y se prolonga hasta el borde craneal de la gl&aacute;ndula mamaria; en caso necesario se puede rebasar la cicatriz umbilical.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Complicaciones<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Inflamaci&oacute;n de los tejidos que circundan la herida quir&uacute;rgica<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Retenci&oacute;n placentaria<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Retraso en la involuci&oacute;n uterina con metritis, adherencias y peritonitis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\"><em><img alt=\"Nacimiento de becerro por cesárea (Guzmán, 2017).\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/ganaderia\/art75-cesarea-bovinos\/nacimiento.jpg\" style=\"height:499px; width:403px\" \/> <\/em>\r\n\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(153, 204, 153); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Figura 3. Nacimiento de becerro por ces&aacute;rea (Guzm&aacute;n, 2017).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Pron&oacute;stico<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">Los resultados en general son muy satisfactorios en recuperaci&oacute;n, producci&oacute;n de leche y aptitud para fecundarse y volver a parir fisiol&oacute;gicamente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\">INTAGRI. 2021. Ces&aacute;rea en Bovinos. N&uacute;m. 75. Art&iacute;culos t&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 5 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#99cc66\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Dawson, J. C., Murray, R. 1992. Caesarean sections in cattle attended by a practice in Cheshire. Vet. Rec. 131: 525- 527.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Derivaux, J. Fisiopatolog&iacute;a de la Gestaci&oacute;n y Obstetricia Veterinaria, Editorial Acribia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Frazer, G. S., Perkins, N. R., 2000. Caesarean section. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract, 11 (1): 19-35.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez, R. 2014. T&eacute;cnicas quir&uacute;rgicas del bovino. Editorial Trillas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez, R. Tovar, I. 2016. Urgencias quir&uacute;rgicas en bovinos. Editorial Trillas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Ord&oacute;&ntilde;ez, R., Tovar, I. 2016. Cirug&iacute;a de campo en animales de abasto. Editorial Trillas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color:#000000\">Pansh, S. M., Tyler, J. W., Ginsky, J. V. 1995. Left oblique celiotomy approach for cesarean section in standing cows. 207 (6): 751-752.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2021-04-06 19:55:51","updated":"2021-04-06 20:56:08","published":"2021-04-06 20:56:06","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/ganaderia"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"cesarea-en-bovinos","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"ganaderia","article":"cesarea-en-bovinos","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}