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Introducción<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

La adaptación de un cultivo a las condiciones climáticas de una región marca en gran medida el éxito en la producción, así también el comportamiento de su desarrollo y calidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Los suelos para papaya<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

El cultivo de papaya necesita para su adecuado desarrollo de suelos no compactados, textura franco arenosa, estructura granular, permeables, buen drenaje, profundo y manto freático al menos a dos metros. El pH ideal para el cultivo de papaya es de 5 - 6.5, prefiere los suelos con altos contenidos de materia orgánica (mínimo 3 %), suelos bajos en sales solubles y sin excesos de sodio. Deben evitarse los suelos disparejos con hondonadas, en donde se estanque el agua.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 1. Evaluación de perfil de suelo para el cultivo de papaya. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Fuente: Lee, 2014. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Es importante evaluar la calidad de los suelos antes de cultivar papaya, una forma relativamente fácil de identificar, si el suelo tiene algún parámetro problemático, es mediante la apertura de uno o varios perfiles de suelo, de al menos 1.5 a 2 m de profundidad. Mediante observación directa en los perfiles se detectan problemas de compactación y estructura, se evalúa la textura (manual), permeabilidad, profundidad,  y manto freático. Se recomienda tomar muestras de cada horizonte para enviarlas al laboratorio para su análisis. En los análisis se realizan las determinaciones de pH, materia orgánica, sales solubles y los porcentajes de arena, limo y arcilla. De esta manera, se identifican los problemas, ya sea de compactación, exceso de sales, baja permeabilidad, muy bajos en materia orgánica, etc. Estas pruebas permiten tomar decisiones en cuanto al establecimiento de un programa de manejo del suelo, antes o durante el establecimiento del cultivo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Preparación del terreno<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

La mejor etapa para la preparación del suelo, es la época seca, cuando se  obtienen los mejores resultados con el subsuelo, reventando las capas compactadas,  así  como  su  aireación.  Si  el  cultivo  anterior  fue  plátano,  que  ya  tiene  un  sistema  de  riego, es conveniente marcar las líneas de riego para no dañar los tubos de pvc, si fue  otro cultivo o maleza, el programa de preparación, es el siguiente: <\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\r\n \r\n\t\t
    \r\n\t\t\t\t
  • Dar  un  paso  de  rastra,  para  medio  picar  las  malezas  o  residuos  de  cultivo. <\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
  • Preparar una mezcla de 0.5 a 2.0 t, de acuerdo a la disponibilidad de recursos,  de  algún  tipo  de  estiércol  (vacuno,  gallinaza,  borrego,  cabra,  etc.), seco y molido, con 50 kg de urea y 25 kg de cal hidra o yeso agrícola, y aplicarla lo más uniforme posible al voleo en una hectárea. No aplicar más de las 2 t\/h de estiércol, por sus altos contenidos de sales solubles.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
  • Meter  subsuelo,  a  una  profundidad  de  al  menos  60 cm.  Al reventar el suelo seco con el subsuelo, se logra que de  la  mezcla  aplicada  y  los  residuos  de  malezas  y  cultivo,  parte  penetren  más profundo en el suelo.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
  • Dar un paso de rastra de tipo pesado, a una profundidad de 30 a 40 cm, para mezclar con el suelo los productos aplicados.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
  • Previamente checada la eficiente funcionalidad hidráulica (diámetros tuberías y presiones) y agronómica (gastos de aspersores y traslapes) del sistema de riego por  aspersión  o  microaspersion,  aplicar  el  riego  procurando  que  la  lluvia humedezca un perfil de 50 a 60 cm de profundidad, el cual se logra en dos a tres horas continuas de riego, sin embargo es conveniente anotar el tiempo de inicio, y estar monitoreando como va bajando la humedad y el tiempo en que se logra humedecer el perfil. Una vez regado el terreno, se espera de uno a tres días a que se pueda caminar por el terreno y se inicia la marcación y el trasplante.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
    \"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
    \r\n\t\t\t

    Figura 2. Subsuelo en la preparación del terreno para el cultivo de papaya. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

    Fuente: Lee, 2014. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-10-29 12:01:08","updated":"2017-09-12 13:01:20","published":"2016-10-29 12:03:36","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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El pH ideal para el cultivo de papaya es de 5 - 6.5, prefiere los suelos con altos contenidos de materia orgánica (mínimo 3 %), suelos bajos en sales solubles y sin excesos de sodio. Deben evitarse los suelos disparejos con hondonadas, en donde se estanque el agua.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/Frutales-tropi\/art341-preparacion-papaya\/Papaya.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":11,"related":"","keywords":"Papaya,Carica,Textura,Suelo,pH,Preparación,Terreno,Rastra,Subsoleo,Riesgo,Trasplante,Permeables,Cultivo","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Frutales\/13. Seleccion y Preparacion de Terreno para Cultivo de Papaya.pdf","text":"

    \r\n
    \r\n \r\n\r\n

    Introducción<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

    La adaptación de un cultivo a las condiciones climáticas de una región marca en gran medida el éxito en la producción, así también el comportamiento de su desarrollo y calidad<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Los suelos para papaya<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    El cultivo de papaya necesita para su adecuado desarrollo de suelos no compactados, textura franco arenosa, estructura granular, permeables, buen drenaje, profundo y manto freático al menos a dos metros. El pH ideal para el cultivo de papaya es de 5 - 6.5, prefiere los suelos con altos contenidos de materia orgánica (mínimo 3 %), suelos bajos en sales solubles y sin excesos de sodio. Deben evitarse los suelos disparejos con hondonadas, en donde se estanque el agua.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

    \"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
    \r\n\t\t\t

    Figura 1. Evaluación de perfil de suelo para el cultivo de papaya. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

    Fuente: Lee, 2014. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \r\n
    \r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

    Es importante evaluar la calidad de los suelos antes de cultivar papaya, una forma relativamente fácil de identificar, si el suelo tiene algún parámetro problemático, es mediante la apertura de uno o varios perfiles de suelo, de al menos 1.5 a 2 m de profundidad. Mediante observación directa en los perfiles se detectan problemas de compactación y estructura, se evalúa la textura (manual), permeabilidad, profundidad,  y manto freático. Se recomienda tomar muestras de cada horizonte para enviarlas al laboratorio para su análisis. En los análisis se realizan las determinaciones de pH, materia orgánica, sales solubles y los porcentajes de arena, limo y arcilla. De esta manera, se identifican los problemas, ya sea de compactación, exceso de sales, baja permeabilidad, muy bajos en materia orgánica, etc. Estas pruebas permiten tomar decisiones en cuanto al establecimiento de un programa de manejo del suelo, antes o durante el establecimiento del cultivo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

    Preparación del terreno<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

    La mejor etapa para la preparación del suelo, es la época seca, cuando se  obtienen los mejores resultados con el subsuelo, reventando las capas compactadas,  así  como  su  aireación.  Si  el  cultivo  anterior  fue  plátano,  que  ya  tiene  un  sistema  de  riego, es conveniente marcar las líneas de riego para no dañar los tubos de pvc, si fue  otro cultivo o maleza, el programa de preparación, es el siguiente: <\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n

    \r\n
    \r\n \r\n\t\t
      \r\n\t\t\t\t
    • Dar  un  paso  de  rastra,  para  medio  picar  las  malezas  o  residuos  de  cultivo. <\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
    • Preparar una mezcla de 0.5 a 2.0 t, de acuerdo a la disponibilidad de recursos,  de  algún  tipo  de  estiércol  (vacuno,  gallinaza,  borrego,  cabra,  etc.), seco y molido, con 50 kg de urea y 25 kg de cal hidra o yeso agrícola, y aplicarla lo más uniforme posible al voleo en una hectárea. No aplicar más de las 2 t\/h de estiércol, por sus altos contenidos de sales solubles.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
    • Meter  subsuelo,  a  una  profundidad  de  al  menos  60 cm.  Al reventar el suelo seco con el subsuelo, se logra que de  la  mezcla  aplicada  y  los  residuos  de  malezas  y  cultivo,  parte  penetren  más profundo en el suelo.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
    • Dar un paso de rastra de tipo pesado, a una profundidad de 30 a 40 cm, para mezclar con el suelo los productos aplicados.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t
    • Previamente checada la eficiente funcionalidad hidráulica (diámetros tuberías y presiones) y agronómica (gastos de aspersores y traslapes) del sistema de riego por  aspersión  o  microaspersion,  aplicar  el  riego  procurando  que  la  lluvia humedezca un perfil de 50 a 60 cm de profundidad, el cual se logra en dos a tres horas continuas de riego, sin embargo es conveniente anotar el tiempo de inicio, y estar monitoreando como va bajando la humedad y el tiempo en que se logra humedecer el perfil. Una vez regado el terreno, se espera de uno a tres días a que se pueda caminar por el terreno y se inicia la marcación y el trasplante.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
      \"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
      \r\n\t\t\t

      Figura 2. Subsuelo en la preparación del terreno para el cultivo de papaya. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

      Fuente: Lee, 2014. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-10-29 12:01:08","updated":"2017-09-12 13:01:20","published":"2016-10-29 12:03:36","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/frutales"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"frutales","article":"seleccion-y-preparacion-de-terreno-para-el-cultivo-de-papaya","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"frutales","article":"seleccion-y-preparacion-de-terreno-para-el-cultivo-de-papaya","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}