\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tFigura 1: Reguladores de crecimiento en la madurez de los frutos. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\tFuente: Guzmán, 2013. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
Los reguladores de crecimiento o fitorreguladores son compuestos de síntesis que el receptor endógeno de la célula vegetal los reconoce como una hormona vegetal activa, vale decir se acoplan al receptor e inducen señalación hormonal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nLos reguladores de crecimiento se usan normalmente para:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\tRalear fruta<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tPromover o incrementar el retorno de floración<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tPromover maduración más pareja y temprana<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tReducir la floración<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tMejorar la calidad de la fruta<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tMejorar el color<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tDisminuir el russeting y el rajado de los frutos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tAtrasar la madurez<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tMejorar la conservación<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tIncrementar la emisión de ramas laterales<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tAlterar el formato de los frutos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tDisminuir la caída de los frutos antes de la cosecha<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\nReguladores de crecimiento en el Cultivo de Aguacate <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\nEl aplicar reguladores de crecimiento son de bastante utilidad para los productores en el cultivo de aguacate, ya que gracias a estos pueden obtener mejores resultados en su producción. Múltiples investigaciones afirman que la aplicación de auxinas (2,4-D, 3, 5, 6-TPA), GA3 (ácido giberelico) o CK (citoquininas) aumentan el cuajado y el tamaño de los frutos de aguacate. Las GA3 previenen la senescencia del exocarpio (cáscara), manteniendo el exocarpio verde por más tiempo. Además de haber encontrado que promueve el crecimiento estimulado los brotes y hojas nuevas. En frutos maduros se ha observado que las GA3 aumentan el tamaño, reducen la caída de la fruta antes de la cosecha y retrasa el ennegrecimiento, sin efectos negativos sobre la maduración o la calidad de la fruta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nAdemás de que se ha implementado al uso de ácido naftalenacético (NAA) para ralear flores y frutos con el fin de mejorar el llenado de los frutos restantes. Otro regulador de crecimiento como el uniconazol se ha utilizado en el cultivo de aguacate, combinándolo con una poda entre febrero y marzo, para disminuir hasta en un 50% los brotes, ya que al aplicar uniconazol se disminuye las GA. Y con esto se mejora la inducción floral en otoño. Para evitar la pérdida de fruto en el cultivo de aguacate a causa de diferentes factores que pueden generar estrés en el cultivo, se han utilizado las citoquininas. La explicación a esto es que cuando la planta está expuesta a estrés, aumenta el nivel de ácido abscísico (ABA) lo que ocasiona la abscisión del fruto. La aplicación de citoquininas bloquea el efecto negativo del abscísico evitando tener un problema de abscisión. Para el tamaño del fruto, en una etapa inicial se puede inducir un aumento en el tamaño de la flor con aplicaciones preflorales de citocininas de alta bioactividad (CPPU), y posteriormente en postfloración un a segunda dosis de citocininas de alta bioactividad incluyendo ácido giberelico.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
Cita correcta de este artículo <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\nINTAGRI. 2023. Reguladores de Crecimiento en la Mejora de Frutales. Serie Frutales. Núm. 107. Artículos técnicos de INTAGRI. México. 3 p.<\/p>\r\n\r\n
Literatura consultada<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\tCastro, R.J.; Solís, O.M.; Castro, R.R.; Calderón, V.C. 2019. Uso de fitorreguladores en el manejo de cultivos agrícolas. Revista Frontera Biotecnológica. 7(13): 14-18. <\/li>\r\n\t Cossio, L. 2013. Reguladores de crecimiento. FASENA-UNNE. Argentina. 28 p.<\/li>\r\n\t Díaz, M.D. 2017. Biorreguladores de crecimiento en las plantas. INTAGRI. México. 4 p.<\/li>\r\n\t Fagro. 2018. Los Reguladores de Crecimiento: ¿Qué son?, ¿dónde se usan? Disponible en: https:\/\/blogdefagro.com\/<\/li>\r\n\t Fichet, L.T. 2013. Concepto de regulación fitohormonal en plantas. INTAGRI. México.<\/li>\r\n\t Guzmán, T.E. 2013. Uso efectivo de Biorreguladores de crecimiento en la agricultura: Eventos regulables en las plantas. INTAGRI. México.<\/li>\r\n\t López, G.C. 2014. Uso efectivo de los reguladores de crecimiento en la agricultura. INTAGRI. México.<\/li>\r\n\t Lovatt, C.J. 2023. Bioestimulación de las etapas claves del cultivo de aguacate. INTAGRI. México.<\/li>\r\n\t Pérez, G.F.; Martínez, L.J. 1994. Introducción a la fisiología vegetal. Mundi Prensa. España. 218 p.<\/li>\r\n\t Redagrícola. 2017. Fitohormonas: reguladores de crecimiento y bioestimulantes. Disponible en: https:\/\/cursos.redagricola.com\/<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nContinuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2023-11-16 09:47:03","updated":"2024-09-18 11:01:53","published":"2023-11-16 09:59:15","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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\r\n
Autores: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
Una herramienta importante en el manejo de cultivos agrícolas es la utilización de fitorreguladores o reguladores del crecimiento vegetal. La aplicación de estos compuestos permite modificar el desarrollo de las plantas logrando desde inducir el aclareo, la floración, cuajado, maduración y el aumento en el tamaño de frutos; hasta omitir el requerimiento de horas frío en árboles frutales, así como limitar el tamaño de las plantas para obtener mayor densidad de siembra y facilitar tareas de cosecha. De esta forma, los fitorreguladores aplicados en la forma adecuada pueden mejorar el rendimiento, productividad, aspectos de calidad y etapas operativas del cultivo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\nUna sustancia para ser considerada un fitorregulador debe:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\tSer pleiotrópicas, es decir que actúan en varios procesos<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tSe sintetizan en todas las células<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tRegulan procesos de correlación. (un órgano recibe el estímulo y otro expresa la respuesta)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\tSu acción es por interacción con los demás reguladores (sinergismos, antagonismos o balance de concentración).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n