{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":562,"views":40548,"title":"Plantaciones Frutales de Alta Densidad","fb_title":"","link":"plantaciones-frutales-de-alta-densidad","desc":"La intensificación de los huertos frutales a través de altas densidades ha permitido entrar precozmente a producción, con altos rendimientos, fruta de mayor calidad y bajos costos de labores por el tamaño pequeño de los árboles, permitiendo un retorno temprano de la inversión.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/frutales\/art558-frutales\/HDP-frutales.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":11,"related":"","keywords":"Portainjertos enanizantes,cultivares enanos,reguladores de crecimiento,mecanización,distanciamientos","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Frutales\/54. Plantaciones Frutales de Alta Densidad.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p><span style=\"color:#008000\"><em>Noviembre de 2018<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><em><span style=\"color:#006400\">Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La intensificaci&oacute;n de los huertos frutales a trav&eacute;s de altas densidades ha permitido entrar precozmente a producci&oacute;n, con altos rendimientos, fruta de mayor calidad y bajos costos de labores por el tama&ntilde;o peque&ntilde;o de los &aacute;rboles, permitiendo un retorno temprano de la inversi&oacute;n. Adem&aacute;s, estos sistemas intensivos permiten la renovaci&oacute;n temprana de los huertos debido a que se acorta la vida productiva del &aacute;rbol, lo cual hace posible emplear nuevos desarrollos, como son otros cultivares, clones, mutantes, portainjertos o sistemas de plantaci&oacute;n. Sin embargo, lograr altos rendimientos de manera temprana no s&oacute;lo depende del sistema de plantaci&oacute;n del huerto, sino tambi&eacute;n tiene que ver con otros factores como son los ambientales, geom&eacute;tricos, fenol&oacute;gicos y gen&eacute;ticos de cada uno de los &aacute;rboles. Otros factores que afectan el logro de este objetivo son la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades o desequilibrios nutricionales, pero que no est&aacute;n relacionados a los sistemas de plantaci&oacute;n.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>&iquest;Qu&eacute; es una plantaci&oacute;n de alta densidad?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">De forma gen&eacute;rica se puede decir que una plantaci&oacute;n frutal de alta densidad es aquella que tiene un distanciamiento entre &aacute;rboles m&aacute;s corto que los recomendados convencionalmente, usando t&eacute;cnicas de manejo especiales, con el objetivo de maximizar la producci&oacute;n sin comprometer la calidad de la fruta cosechada. Los inicios de este sistema de plantaci&oacute;n en los frutales fueron en el cultivo de manzana; sin embargo, actualmente se pueden utilizar en otros frutales como durazno, almendro, pera, c&iacute;tricos, mango, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/frutales\/biologia-y-ecofisiologia-del-cultivo-de-papaya\">papaya<\/a>, pl&aacute;tano, entre otros.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Principios<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Obtener la m&aacute;xima productividad mediante la plantaci&oacute;n de un mayor n&uacute;mero de &aacute;rboles por unidad de &aacute;rea.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Optimizar el uso del espacio vertical y horizontal.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Optimizar la explotaci&oacute;n de los recursos naturales: suelo, energ&iacute;a solar, agua, entre otros.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Obtener mayores rendimientos de fruta de alta calidad.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Emplear pr&aacute;cticas y tecnolog&iacute;as modernas para una mayor rentabilidad (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/agua-riego\/los-sistemas-de-riego-aptos-para-la-fertirrigacion\">fertirrigaci&oacute;n<\/a>, mecanizaci&oacute;n, entre otras).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La densidad de plantaci&oacute;n depende de la especie en cultivo y de las condiciones ambientales. As&iacute;, un mismo n&uacute;mero de &aacute;rboles por unidad de superficie puede representar una densidad de plantaci&oacute;n baja si se trata de frutales de porte reducido, como la vid, o alta si se trata de especies arb&oacute;reas de porte medio, como frutales de hueso, de pepita, c&iacute;tricos, entre otros. No obstante, de modo gen&eacute;rico se establece:<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Rendimiento acorde a la densidad de plantación.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/frutales\/art558-frutales\/rendimiento-de-manzanas.jpg\" style=\"height:1088px; width:1454px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 0, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 1. Cambios en el tiempo del rendimiento de manzana en Los Pa&iacute;ses Bajos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Wagenmakers, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\">\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Baja densidad: &lt;150 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Densidad media: 150 a 800 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plantaciones densas: 800 a 2,500 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Alta densidad: &gt; 2,500 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Principales componentes <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Selecci&oacute;n de cultivares enanos. <\/strong>Es m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil establecer huertos de alta densidad si los &aacute;rboles son naturalmente peque&ntilde;os, adem&aacute;s de que muestran una mayor proporci&oacute;n de hojas bien iluminadas en relaci&oacute;n &aacute;rboles m&aacute;s grandes. El uso de cultivares gen&eacute;ticamente enanos ofrece un gran margen para plantaciones cercanas, que tienen el potencial de altos rendimientos en relaci&oacute;n a las plantaciones tradicionales. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de cultivares enanos es escasa.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Portainjertos enanizantes.<\/strong> Se sabe que los portainjertos tienen un efecto profundo en el vigor del &aacute;rbol, la precocidad, la productividad, la calidad de las frutas y la longevidad de las variedades injertadas en ellas. Sin embargo, hay m&aacute;s opciones disponibles para los frutales de clima templado que para frutales tropicales y subtropicales. El uso de injerto (cultivar) y portainjerto incompatibles tambi&eacute;n pueden inducir enanismo en la planta compuesta.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Sistema de formaci&oacute;n y podas.<\/strong> El amontonamiento de ramas y follaje plantea un grave problema para el acceso a los huertos y para la adecuada intercepci&oacute;n de la luz necesaria para una &oacute;ptima fotos&iacute;ntesis, floraci&oacute;n, fructificaci&oacute;n y calidad de la cosecha. Se han hecho muchos estudios sobre el empleo de la poda y sistemas de formaci&oacute;n para el manejo de las copas de los &aacute;rboles en huertos de alta densidad, determinando que ambos aspectos son importantes para aumentar la distribuci&oacute;n de la luz a trav&eacute;s de las copas de los &aacute;rboles y con ello mejorar la productividad. En el caso de la poda, algunas veces la productividad no siempre se restaura en la misma temporada, pues depende de la intensidad con la que se haya realizado.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Reguladores de crecimiento.<\/strong> La poda a menudo conduce a un fuerte crecimiento de los brotes vegetativos en los &aacute;rboles frutales. Se han usado <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal\/los-biorreguladores-de-crecimiento-en-las-plantas\">reguladores del crecimiento<\/a> de las plantas, como Paclobutrazol, Alar, Uniconazol, prohexadiona-calcio, para restringir el crecimiento vegetativo. Adem&aacute;s de que en muchos trabajos se reportan que estos mismos productos favorecen y mejoran la floraci&oacute;n y fructificaci&oacute;n.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Marco de plantaci&oacute;n.<\/strong> Determina la superficie que ocupa cada &aacute;rbol y a partir de esta se calcula el n&uacute;mero de &aacute;rboles por unidad de superficie o densidad de plantaci&oacute;n. Un n&uacute;mero reducido de &aacute;rboles con respecto a la superficie disponible, asegura un buen desarrollo de los mismos, pero implica un desaprovechamiento de la superficie de cultivo, con la consiguiente reducci&oacute;n de la cosecha potencial; por el contrario, si la densidad de plantaci&oacute;n es muy alta, las&nbsp; dificultades&nbsp; en el&nbsp; manejo&nbsp; del&nbsp; cultivo y&nbsp; la&nbsp; competencia&nbsp; que&nbsp; se&nbsp; establece entre &aacute;rboles<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Marcos de plantación.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/frutales\/art558-frutales\/plantacion-de-frutales.jpg\" style=\"height:585px; width:799px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 0, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 2. Marcos de plantaci&oacute;n de frutales.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Adaptado de Gil-Albert, 1992 por Agust&iacute;, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">incrementan los costes y reducen la cosecha. El marco de plantaci&oacute;n o disposici&oacute;n de los &aacute;rboles en el terreno depende de las condiciones del medio y la propia explotaci&oacute;n. En estos deben definirse las distancias entre l&iacute;neas de &aacute;rboles o masas de &aacute;rboles (calles) y entre &aacute;rboles dentro de las l&iacute;neas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Intercepci&oacute;n de luz<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Est&aacute; demostrado que la intercepci&oacute;n de luz por parte de los huertos frutales incrementa con una mayor densidad de &aacute;rboles, sobre todo en los primeros a&ntilde;os. Numerosos experimentos en campo han confirmado la relaci&oacute;n positiva que existe entre el rendimiento, intercepci&oacute;n de luz y la densidad de &aacute;rboles (Cuadro 1), siempre y cuando exista un buen manejo.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); width:680px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Intercepci&oacute;n de luz, producci&oacute;n y porcentaje de fruta de manzana bien coloreada para el cultivar &lsquo;Elstar&rsquo; en Wilhelminadorp, Los Pa&iacute;ses Bajos, promedio del quinto al octavo ciclo de crecimiento.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Wagenmakers, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>&Aacute;rboles\/ha<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Rectangularidad*<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Intercepci&oacute;n de luz (%)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Ton\/ha<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Fruta bien coloreada (%)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">2000<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">1:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">53<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">38.3<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">87<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">3:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">46<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">36.5<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">81<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">2667<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">1:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">60<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">42.6<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">87<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">3:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">54<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">38.7<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">79<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">4000<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">1:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">75<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">50.8<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">81<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">3:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">64<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">42.5<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">73<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>*Relaci&oacute;n de espaciado entre l&iacute;neas y dentro de la fila.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El grado y &eacute;xito de la intensificaci&oacute;n de los huertos frutales var&iacute;a entre pa&iacute;ses debido a factores econ&oacute;micos como tasas de inter&eacute;s, costos de los &aacute;rboles y material de soporte, tama&ntilde;o de las explotaciones y la exigencia por una cosecha mecanizada, as&iacute; como la calidad de los &aacute;rboles al momento<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">de plantarlos, la disponibilidad de portainjertos apropiados y los rendimientos potenciales. Adem&aacute;s, las diferencias en la capacidad de gesti&oacute;n y manejo de la huerta pueden causar grandes variaciones en el rendimiento.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">INTAGRI. 2018. Plantaciones Frutales de Alta Densidad. Serie Frutales, N&uacute;m. 54. Art&iacute;culos T&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Agust&iacute;, M. 2010. Fruticultura. Mundi-Prensa. Espa&ntilde;a. 507 p<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mishra D.S.; Goswami A.K. 2016. High Density Planting in Fruit Crops. HortFlora Research Spectrum, 5(3): 261-264.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wagenmakers, P. S. 1991. 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Plantaciones Frutales de Alta Densidad.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p><span style=\"color:#008000\"><em>Noviembre de 2018<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><em><span style=\"color:#006400\">Autor: Equipo Editorial INTAGRI<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La intensificaci&oacute;n de los huertos frutales a trav&eacute;s de altas densidades ha permitido entrar precozmente a producci&oacute;n, con altos rendimientos, fruta de mayor calidad y bajos costos de labores por el tama&ntilde;o peque&ntilde;o de los &aacute;rboles, permitiendo un retorno temprano de la inversi&oacute;n. Adem&aacute;s, estos sistemas intensivos permiten la renovaci&oacute;n temprana de los huertos debido a que se acorta la vida productiva del &aacute;rbol, lo cual hace posible emplear nuevos desarrollos, como son otros cultivares, clones, mutantes, portainjertos o sistemas de plantaci&oacute;n. Sin embargo, lograr altos rendimientos de manera temprana no s&oacute;lo depende del sistema de plantaci&oacute;n del huerto, sino tambi&eacute;n tiene que ver con otros factores como son los ambientales, geom&eacute;tricos, fenol&oacute;gicos y gen&eacute;ticos de cada uno de los &aacute;rboles. Otros factores que afectan el logro de este objetivo son la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades o desequilibrios nutricionales, pero que no est&aacute;n relacionados a los sistemas de plantaci&oacute;n.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>&iquest;Qu&eacute; es una plantaci&oacute;n de alta densidad?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">De forma gen&eacute;rica se puede decir que una plantaci&oacute;n frutal de alta densidad es aquella que tiene un distanciamiento entre &aacute;rboles m&aacute;s corto que los recomendados convencionalmente, usando t&eacute;cnicas de manejo especiales, con el objetivo de maximizar la producci&oacute;n sin comprometer la calidad de la fruta cosechada. Los inicios de este sistema de plantaci&oacute;n en los frutales fueron en el cultivo de manzana; sin embargo, actualmente se pueden utilizar en otros frutales como durazno, almendro, pera, c&iacute;tricos, mango, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/frutales\/biologia-y-ecofisiologia-del-cultivo-de-papaya\">papaya<\/a>, pl&aacute;tano, entre otros.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Principios<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Obtener la m&aacute;xima productividad mediante la plantaci&oacute;n de un mayor n&uacute;mero de &aacute;rboles por unidad de &aacute;rea.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Optimizar el uso del espacio vertical y horizontal.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Optimizar la explotaci&oacute;n de los recursos naturales: suelo, energ&iacute;a solar, agua, entre otros.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Obtener mayores rendimientos de fruta de alta calidad.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Emplear pr&aacute;cticas y tecnolog&iacute;as modernas para una mayor rentabilidad (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/agua-riego\/los-sistemas-de-riego-aptos-para-la-fertirrigacion\">fertirrigaci&oacute;n<\/a>, mecanizaci&oacute;n, entre otras).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">La densidad de plantaci&oacute;n depende de la especie en cultivo y de las condiciones ambientales. As&iacute;, un mismo n&uacute;mero de &aacute;rboles por unidad de superficie puede representar una densidad de plantaci&oacute;n baja si se trata de frutales de porte reducido, como la vid, o alta si se trata de especies arb&oacute;reas de porte medio, como frutales de hueso, de pepita, c&iacute;tricos, entre otros. No obstante, de modo gen&eacute;rico se establece:<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Rendimiento acorde a la densidad de plantación.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/frutales\/art558-frutales\/rendimiento-de-manzanas.jpg\" style=\"height:1088px; width:1454px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 0, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 1. Cambios en el tiempo del rendimiento de manzana en Los Pa&iacute;ses Bajos.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Wagenmakers, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"toggle\">\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Baja densidad: &lt;150 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Densidad media: 150 a 800 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plantaciones densas: 800 a 2,500 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Alta densidad: &gt; 2,500 &aacute;rboles\/ha<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Principales componentes <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Selecci&oacute;n de cultivares enanos. <\/strong>Es m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil establecer huertos de alta densidad si los &aacute;rboles son naturalmente peque&ntilde;os, adem&aacute;s de que muestran una mayor proporci&oacute;n de hojas bien iluminadas en relaci&oacute;n &aacute;rboles m&aacute;s grandes. El uso de cultivares gen&eacute;ticamente enanos ofrece un gran margen para plantaciones cercanas, que tienen el potencial de altos rendimientos en relaci&oacute;n a las plantaciones tradicionales. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de cultivares enanos es escasa.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Portainjertos enanizantes.<\/strong> Se sabe que los portainjertos tienen un efecto profundo en el vigor del &aacute;rbol, la precocidad, la productividad, la calidad de las frutas y la longevidad de las variedades injertadas en ellas. Sin embargo, hay m&aacute;s opciones disponibles para los frutales de clima templado que para frutales tropicales y subtropicales. El uso de injerto (cultivar) y portainjerto incompatibles tambi&eacute;n pueden inducir enanismo en la planta compuesta.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-7\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Sistema de formaci&oacute;n y podas.<\/strong> El amontonamiento de ramas y follaje plantea un grave problema para el acceso a los huertos y para la adecuada intercepci&oacute;n de la luz necesaria para una &oacute;ptima fotos&iacute;ntesis, floraci&oacute;n, fructificaci&oacute;n y calidad de la cosecha. Se han hecho muchos estudios sobre el empleo de la poda y sistemas de formaci&oacute;n para el manejo de las copas de los &aacute;rboles en huertos de alta densidad, determinando que ambos aspectos son importantes para aumentar la distribuci&oacute;n de la luz a trav&eacute;s de las copas de los &aacute;rboles y con ello mejorar la productividad. En el caso de la poda, algunas veces la productividad no siempre se restaura en la misma temporada, pues depende de la intensidad con la que se haya realizado.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Reguladores de crecimiento.<\/strong> La poda a menudo conduce a un fuerte crecimiento de los brotes vegetativos en los &aacute;rboles frutales. Se han usado <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal\/los-biorreguladores-de-crecimiento-en-las-plantas\">reguladores del crecimiento<\/a> de las plantas, como Paclobutrazol, Alar, Uniconazol, prohexadiona-calcio, para restringir el crecimiento vegetativo. Adem&aacute;s de que en muchos trabajos se reportan que estos mismos productos favorecen y mejoran la floraci&oacute;n y fructificaci&oacute;n.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Marco de plantaci&oacute;n.<\/strong> Determina la superficie que ocupa cada &aacute;rbol y a partir de esta se calcula el n&uacute;mero de &aacute;rboles por unidad de superficie o densidad de plantaci&oacute;n. Un n&uacute;mero reducido de &aacute;rboles con respecto a la superficie disponible, asegura un buen desarrollo de los mismos, pero implica un desaprovechamiento de la superficie de cultivo, con la consiguiente reducci&oacute;n de la cosecha potencial; por el contrario, si la densidad de plantaci&oacute;n es muy alta, las&nbsp; dificultades&nbsp; en el&nbsp; manejo&nbsp; del&nbsp; cultivo y&nbsp; la&nbsp; competencia&nbsp; que&nbsp; se&nbsp; establece entre &aacute;rboles<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\"Marcos de plantación.\" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/frutales\/art558-frutales\/plantacion-de-frutales.jpg\" style=\"height:585px; width:799px\" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:rgb(255, 0, 0); border-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 2. Marcos de plantaci&oacute;n de frutales.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Adaptado de Gil-Albert, 1992 por Agust&iacute;, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">incrementan los costes y reducen la cosecha. El marco de plantaci&oacute;n o disposici&oacute;n de los &aacute;rboles en el terreno depende de las condiciones del medio y la propia explotaci&oacute;n. En estos deben definirse las distancias entre l&iacute;neas de &aacute;rboles o masas de &aacute;rboles (calles) y entre &aacute;rboles dentro de las l&iacute;neas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Intercepci&oacute;n de luz<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Est&aacute; demostrado que la intercepci&oacute;n de luz por parte de los huertos frutales incrementa con una mayor densidad de &aacute;rboles, sobre todo en los primeros a&ntilde;os. Numerosos experimentos en campo han confirmado la relaci&oacute;n positiva que existe entre el rendimiento, intercepci&oacute;n de luz y la densidad de &aacute;rboles (Cuadro 1), siempre y cuando exista un buen manejo.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0); width:680px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Cuadro 1. Intercepci&oacute;n de luz, producci&oacute;n y porcentaje de fruta de manzana bien coloreada para el cultivar &lsquo;Elstar&rsquo; en Wilhelminadorp, Los Pa&iacute;ses Bajos, promedio del quinto al octavo ciclo de crecimiento.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Fuente: Wagenmakers, 1991.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>&Aacute;rboles\/ha<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Rectangularidad*<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Intercepci&oacute;n de luz (%)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Ton\/ha<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Fruta bien coloreada (%)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">2000<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">1:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">53<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">38.3<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">87<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">3:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">46<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">36.5<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">81<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">2667<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">1:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">60<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">42.6<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">87<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">3:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">54<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">38.7<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">79<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:94px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">4000<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">1:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">75<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">50.8<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">81<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:132px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">3:1<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:170px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">64<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:104px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">42.5<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:179px\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\">73<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>*Relaci&oacute;n de espaciado entre l&iacute;neas y dentro de la fila.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El grado y &eacute;xito de la intensificaci&oacute;n de los huertos frutales var&iacute;a entre pa&iacute;ses debido a factores econ&oacute;micos como tasas de inter&eacute;s, costos de los &aacute;rboles y material de soporte, tama&ntilde;o de las explotaciones y la exigencia por una cosecha mecanizada, as&iacute; como la calidad de los &aacute;rboles al momento<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">de plantarlos, la disponibilidad de portainjertos apropiados y los rendimientos potenciales. Adem&aacute;s, las diferencias en la capacidad de gesti&oacute;n y manejo de la huerta pueden causar grandes variaciones en el rendimiento.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Cita correcta de este art&iacute;culo<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">INTAGRI. 2018. Plantaciones Frutales de Alta Densidad. Serie Frutales, N&uacute;m. 54. Art&iacute;culos T&eacute;cnicos de INTAGRI. M&eacute;xico. 4 p.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"color:#FF0000\"><strong>Fuentes Consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Agust&iacute;, M. 2010. Fruticultura. Mundi-Prensa. Espa&ntilde;a. 507 p<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mishra D.S.; Goswami A.K. 2016. High Density Planting in Fruit Crops. HortFlora Research Spectrum, 5(3): 261-264.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wagenmakers, P. S. 1991. Planting Systems for Fruit Trees in Temperate Climates. &nbsp;Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 10(4): 369-385. &nbsp;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<center><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-success ShowMore\">Continuar leyendo<\/button><\/center>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2018-11-12 19:28:33","updated":"2018-11-13 09:59:12","published":"2018-11-13 09:59:12","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/frutales"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"frutales","article":"plantaciones-frutales-de-alta-densidad","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"frutales","article":"plantaciones-frutales-de-alta-densidad","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}