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'Carica papaya<\/em>' es el nombre científico de la papaya, una fruta tropical con gran difusión a nivel mundial. India es el principal productor, seguido de Brasil, mientras que México es el principal exportador de este delicioso fruto. Aunque el cultivo es poco conocido en España peninsular, desde 2012, la Universidad de Almería, junto a la Fundación Cajamar, puso en marcha una finca experimental en Las Palmerillas, mientras que la Fundación UAL-Anecoop hacía lo propio; los resultados comenzaron a publicarse un año y medio después, poniendo el acento en las posibilidades reales de Almería para albergar cultivos de papaya en invernadero como una alternativa perfectamente viable a las producciones de frutas y hortalizas tradicionales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Actualmente hay nuevas investigaciones que apuntan a una revolución de la producción de papaya desde el punto de vista comercial. Después de más de cinco años de experimentos por parte de la Universidad de Almería y el semillero nijareño Vitalplant, se han obtenido resultados muy prometedores. Los trabajos, liderados por el director de la Cátedra Cajamar de Economía y Agroalimentación, Francisco Camacho Ferre<\/strong>, con el apoyo del gerente de Vitalplant, Asensio Navarro han dado sus frutos. Y es que el Grupo de Investigación AGR-200 de la Universidad de Almería, ha comprobado que el sexado de la papaya en estado prematuro con técnicas moleculares, unido a la técnica del injerto herbáceo; facilitan el manejo agronómico del cultivo y mejoran la producción, debido a que se puede realizar una mejor adaptación de los ciclos de cultivo, ganando tiempo, espacio y reduciendo costos. El trasplante de una sola planta por golpe <\/strong>en vez de tres o cuatro, tal como se hace actualmente, reduce los insumos necesario en la explotación; tales como fertilizantes, agua y productos fitosanitarios, que incidirán en los costos de desarrollo del cultivo. Además, se elimina competencia por el espacio y la luz en los primeros estados de desarrollo del cultivo de papaya, elevándose la productividad agrícola. <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 1. Plantas de papaya sexadas prematuramente e injertadas. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Por su parte, en México, la empresa líder en producción de papayas, AGROMOD, lleva una ruta paralela con la cual consiguió el mismo objetivo. En Chiapas y el sureste mexicano no están ocupando técnicas moleculares para identificar semillas de papaya hermafroditas, sino que están propagándolas de manera asexual, con la técnica de propagación "<\/span>in vitro<\/a>", y han tenido resultados comerciales excelentes al producir además planta libre de virus. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En España, el trabajo desarrollado ha dado lugar a un modelo que se considera pionero a nivel mundial, realizando la técnica del injerto herbáceo de manera simultánea al sexado prematuro de la planta, con el objetivo de abaratar el costo de la plántula propagada, a la vez que se mejora la productividad de los papayales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En este último año, las observaciones realizadas sobre producciones comerciales de papaya en la Comarca de Níjar, han dado fin al efecto variable que se obtiene en la entrada en producción del cultivo, en función de la talla que tenga la planta en el momento del trasplante. La investigación pone de manifiesto que Almería posee una "posibilidad real para posicionarse en el cultivo de papaya" en el panorama internacional. Esta tecnología, desarrollada por Camacho Ferre, podría muy pronto adaptarse a otras regiones del mundo tradicionales en el cultivo de esta fruta, como Asia y Latinoamérica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

El trabajo realizado hasta ahora ha dado lugar a que se produzca a nivel comercial planta de papaya sexada para 100 hectáreas que se está produciendo en Almería, Málaga y Murcia. En febrero de 2016, en el marco de colaboración de Vitalplant con el AGR-200, se instaló un módulo de invernadero en la Finca UAL-Anecoop que permitió seguir investigando y experimentando con este cultivo en materia de propagación y trasplante, así como en rentabilidad del mismo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En 2019 se validaron ya después de varios ciclos, rendimientos promedio de alrededor de 300 toneladas por hectárea. Para hablar más detalles sobre esta tecnología, el Dr. Francisco Camacho Ferre dictará una conferencia en el marco del Noveno Congreso Internacional de Nutrición y Fisiología Vegetal Aplicadas<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Papaya sexada e injertada.pdf","text":"
\r\n
\r\n

'Carica papaya<\/em>' es el nombre científico de la papaya, una fruta tropical con gran difusión a nivel mundial. India es el principal productor, seguido de Brasil, mientras que México es el principal exportador de este delicioso fruto. Aunque el cultivo es poco conocido en España peninsular, desde 2012, la Universidad de Almería, junto a la Fundación Cajamar, puso en marcha una finca experimental en Las Palmerillas, mientras que la Fundación UAL-Anecoop hacía lo propio; los resultados comenzaron a publicarse un año y medio después, poniendo el acento en las posibilidades reales de Almería para albergar cultivos de papaya en invernadero como una alternativa perfectamente viable a las producciones de frutas y hortalizas tradicionales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

Actualmente hay nuevas investigaciones que apuntan a una revolución de la producción de papaya desde el punto de vista comercial. Después de más de cinco años de experimentos por parte de la Universidad de Almería y el semillero nijareño Vitalplant, se han obtenido resultados muy prometedores. Los trabajos, liderados por el director de la Cátedra Cajamar de Economía y Agroalimentación, Francisco Camacho Ferre<\/strong>, con el apoyo del gerente de Vitalplant, Asensio Navarro han dado sus frutos. Y es que el Grupo de Investigación AGR-200 de la Universidad de Almería, ha comprobado que el sexado de la papaya en estado prematuro con técnicas moleculares, unido a la técnica del injerto herbáceo; facilitan el manejo agronómico del cultivo y mejoran la producción, debido a que se puede realizar una mejor adaptación de los ciclos de cultivo, ganando tiempo, espacio y reduciendo costos. El trasplante de una sola planta por golpe <\/strong>en vez de tres o cuatro, tal como se hace actualmente, reduce los insumos necesario en la explotación; tales como fertilizantes, agua y productos fitosanitarios, que incidirán en los costos de desarrollo del cultivo. Además, se elimina competencia por el espacio y la luz en los primeros estados de desarrollo del cultivo de papaya, elevándose la productividad agrícola. <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Figura 1. Plantas de papaya sexadas prematuramente e injertadas. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Por su parte, en México, la empresa líder en producción de papayas, AGROMOD, lleva una ruta paralela con la cual consiguió el mismo objetivo. En Chiapas y el sureste mexicano no están ocupando técnicas moleculares para identificar semillas de papaya hermafroditas, sino que están propagándolas de manera asexual, con la técnica de propagación "<\/span>in vitro<\/a>", y han tenido resultados comerciales excelentes al producir además planta libre de virus. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En España, el trabajo desarrollado ha dado lugar a un modelo que se considera pionero a nivel mundial, realizando la técnica del injerto herbáceo de manera simultánea al sexado prematuro de la planta, con el objetivo de abaratar el costo de la plántula propagada, a la vez que se mejora la productividad de los papayales.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En este último año, las observaciones realizadas sobre producciones comerciales de papaya en la Comarca de Níjar, han dado fin al efecto variable que se obtiene en la entrada en producción del cultivo, en función de la talla que tenga la planta en el momento del trasplante. La investigación pone de manifiesto que Almería posee una "posibilidad real para posicionarse en el cultivo de papaya" en el panorama internacional. Esta tecnología, desarrollada por Camacho Ferre, podría muy pronto adaptarse a otras regiones del mundo tradicionales en el cultivo de esta fruta, como Asia y Latinoamérica.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

El trabajo realizado hasta ahora ha dado lugar a que se produzca a nivel comercial planta de papaya sexada para 100 hectáreas que se está produciendo en Almería, Málaga y Murcia. En febrero de 2016, en el marco de colaboración de Vitalplant con el AGR-200, se instaló un módulo de invernadero en la Finca UAL-Anecoop que permitió seguir investigando y experimentando con este cultivo en materia de propagación y trasplante, así como en rentabilidad del mismo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En 2019 se validaron ya después de varios ciclos, rendimientos promedio de alrededor de 300 toneladas por hectárea. Para hablar más detalles sobre esta tecnología, el Dr. Francisco Camacho Ferre dictará una conferencia en el marco del Noveno Congreso Internacional de Nutrición y Fisiología Vegetal Aplicadas<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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