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\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

La negrita del tomate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Prodiplosis longifila<\/em>, también conocida como Negrita del Tomate, es una plaga de creciente importancia económica en diversos cultivos de exportación en los países de Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Jamaica y E.U. (Florida). Actualmente la negrita del tomate esta cuarentenada para exportar tomate de Perú a Brasil y pimiento de Jamaica a E.U. La llegada de esta plaga ocasionó pérdidas cuantiosas en las principales zonas productoras de tomate y pimiento. Por ejemplo, en Manabí, Ecuador desde 1996 se calificó como la plaga de mayor importancia en tomate. Este insecto-plaga puede atacar en cualquier época del año tanto a los cultivos de campo abierto como protegidos, causando severos daños ya que se alimenta de tejidos tiernos; afecta brotes, flores y frutos (INIAP, 2000). El no controlar esta plaga puede ocasionar pérdidas de rendimiento superiores al 50%.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Figura 1. Brotes de tomate afectados por Prodiplosis longifila<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Felipe Fernando Díaz, Perú<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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La situación para su control <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Actualmente los productores agrícolas de estos países tienen enfrente un gran reto si quieren continuar produciendo exitosamente, ya que muchos han preferido abandonar esta actividad por los daños catastróficos de la plaga. Desafortunadamente, la mayoría de los productores combaten a la plaga únicamente con un uso excesivo de insecticidas sintéticos. Esta lucha ha sido incansable por la dificultad en su combate, ya que es un insecto de corto ciclo biológico (rápida generación de resistencia), tamaño pequeño y tiene el hábito de protegerse en el área donde se alimenta (Valarezo y Cañarte, 1997).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 2. Lesión seca en fruto de tomate por Prodiplosis longifila. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Felipe Fernando Díaz, Perú<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Expectativas para su manejo <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

El entomólogo peruano Felipe Fernando Díaz Silva, es  especialista en el Manejo Integrado de Plagas y desde 1990 ha venido estudiando el control efectivo de Prodiplosis longifila;<\/em> ha desarrollado numerosas investigaciones para su control. Es un experto en el manejo integrado de la negrita del tomate, ha desarrollado numerosas estrategias de control que incluyen: parasitoides, depredadores, entomopatógenos, control mecánico y etológico, control químico y control cultural. Su grupo de trabajo ha evaluado exitosamente en el control biológico, parasitodides como Synopeas sp<\/em>. con buenos resultados. Si quieres conocer más detalles sobre el manejo de esta plaga, te recomendamos que te inscribas al Curso Virtual: Manejo Integrado de Prodiplosis longifila<\/em><\/a>;<\/span> impartido por Fernando Díaz. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 3. Synopeas sp, parasitoide de Prodiplosis longifila. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Felipe Fernando Díaz, Perú<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Fuentes consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Valarezo, O. C.; Cañarte, E. B.; Navarrete, B. C.; Arias, M. 2003. Prodiplosis longifila <\/em>(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) principal plaga del tomate en Ecuador. INIAP, Ecuador. 95 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chávez, V. J. A. 2002. Estudio de la dinámica poblacional de Prodiplosis longifila<\/em> Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en el cultivo de tomate en la localidad de Lodana- Manabí. Tesis de licenciatura. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador. 70 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

INIAP. 2000. Proyecto Diagnóstico, bioecología y manejo sostenible de la negrita Prodiplosis longifila<\/em> en el Ecuador.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E. 1997. Manejo de Insectos-Plaga. In Manual de Cultivos Hortícolas. CRM-INIAP-GTZ. Estación Experimental Portoviejo. 31 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

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 <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2015-06-23 22:16:03","updated":"2020-05-27 01:22:38","published":"2015-08-09 23:36:38","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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(Florida). Actualmente la negrita del tomate esta cuarentenada para exportar tomate de Perú a Brasil y pimiento de Jamaica a E.U.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/Fitosanidad\/art162-negrita-del-tomate\/Negrita%20del%20tomate-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":8,"related":",14,","keywords":"negrita,tomate,fitosanidad,hortalizas","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Fitosanidad\/27. Negrita del tomate.pdf","text":"

\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

La negrita del tomate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Prodiplosis longifila<\/em>, también conocida como Negrita del Tomate, es una plaga de creciente importancia económica en diversos cultivos de exportación en los países de Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Jamaica y E.U. (Florida). Actualmente la negrita del tomate esta cuarentenada para exportar tomate de Perú a Brasil y pimiento de Jamaica a E.U. La llegada de esta plaga ocasionó pérdidas cuantiosas en las principales zonas productoras de tomate y pimiento. Por ejemplo, en Manabí, Ecuador desde 1996 se calificó como la plaga de mayor importancia en tomate. Este insecto-plaga puede atacar en cualquier época del año tanto a los cultivos de campo abierto como protegidos, causando severos daños ya que se alimenta de tejidos tiernos; afecta brotes, flores y frutos (INIAP, 2000). El no controlar esta plaga puede ocasionar pérdidas de rendimiento superiores al 50%.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 1. Brotes de tomate afectados por Prodiplosis longifila<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Felipe Fernando Díaz, Perú<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

La situación para su control <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Actualmente los productores agrícolas de estos países tienen enfrente un gran reto si quieren continuar produciendo exitosamente, ya que muchos han preferido abandonar esta actividad por los daños catastróficos de la plaga. Desafortunadamente, la mayoría de los productores combaten a la plaga únicamente con un uso excesivo de insecticidas sintéticos. Esta lucha ha sido incansable por la dificultad en su combate, ya que es un insecto de corto ciclo biológico (rápida generación de resistencia), tamaño pequeño y tiene el hábito de protegerse en el área donde se alimenta (Valarezo y Cañarte, 1997).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Figura 2. Lesión seca en fruto de tomate por Prodiplosis longifila. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Felipe Fernando Díaz, Perú<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Expectativas para su manejo <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

El entomólogo peruano Felipe Fernando Díaz Silva, es  especialista en el Manejo Integrado de Plagas y desde 1990 ha venido estudiando el control efectivo de Prodiplosis longifila;<\/em> ha desarrollado numerosas investigaciones para su control. Es un experto en el manejo integrado de la negrita del tomate, ha desarrollado numerosas estrategias de control que incluyen: parasitoides, depredadores, entomopatógenos, control mecánico y etológico, control químico y control cultural. Su grupo de trabajo ha evaluado exitosamente en el control biológico, parasitodides como Synopeas sp<\/em>. con buenos resultados. Si quieres conocer más detalles sobre el manejo de esta plaga, te recomendamos que te inscribas al Curso Virtual: Manejo Integrado de Prodiplosis longifila<\/em><\/a>;<\/span> impartido por Fernando Díaz. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 3. Synopeas sp, parasitoide de Prodiplosis longifila. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Felipe Fernando Díaz, Perú<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Fuentes consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Valarezo, O. C.; Cañarte, E. B.; Navarrete, B. C.; Arias, M. 2003. Prodiplosis longifila <\/em>(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) principal plaga del tomate en Ecuador. INIAP, Ecuador. 95 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chávez, V. J. A. 2002. Estudio de la dinámica poblacional de Prodiplosis longifila<\/em> Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en el cultivo de tomate en la localidad de Lodana- Manabí. Tesis de licenciatura. Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Ecuador. 70 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

INIAP. 2000. Proyecto Diagnóstico, bioecología y manejo sostenible de la negrita Prodiplosis longifila<\/em> en el Ecuador.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E. 1997. Manejo de Insectos-Plaga. In Manual de Cultivos Hortícolas. CRM-INIAP-GTZ. Estación Experimental Portoviejo. 31 p.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n

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