{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":25,"views":40667,"title":"Control Biológico de Ácaros en Horticultura Protegida","fb_title":"","link":"control-biologico-acaros-horticultura-protegida","desc":"Generalmente los ácaros son controlados por medios químicos, lo que representa costes significativos en términos económicos y ecológicos y no siempre se garantiza la supresión de la plaga","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/8Horticultura-Protegida\/art20-control-acaro\/control%20biologico.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":8,"related":",4,","keywords":"Control Biologico,acaros, Tetranychus  urticae, ","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Fitosanidad\/05. Control biologico de acaros en horticultura protegida.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Generalmente los &aacute;caros son controlados por medios qu&iacute;micos, lo que representa costes significativos en t&eacute;rminos econ&oacute;micos y ecol&oacute;gicos y no siempre se garantiza la supresi&oacute;n de la plaga. Otra alternativa viable es el <strong>control biol&oacute;gico<\/strong> mediante liberaciones de &aacute;caros fitoseidos (depredadores de &aacute;caros tetraniquidos) que se distribuyen sobre las plantas, donde se alimentan de la ara&ntilde;a roja. Esta t&eacute;cnica de control se ha empleado desde hace d&eacute;cadas en otros pa&iacute;ses europeos y ha demostrado su eficiencia, especialmente en cultivos protegidos sobre plagas como el Tetranychus&nbsp; urticae.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/8Horticultura-Protegida\/art20-control-acaro\/micros.jpg\" style=\"height:338px; width:500px\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Los cultivos hort&iacute;colas se caracterizan por poseer una fauna rica y, en ocasiones, abundante de fitoseidos, algunos de ellos son comunes en cultivos al aire libre y abundan, tambi&eacute;n, en la vegetaci&oacute;n arvense encontr&aacute;ndose generalmente sobre plantas con colonias de ara&ntilde;a roja. Algunas especies, fundamentalmente nativas son las que se comercializan para su empleo en sueltas inoculativas en cultivos protegidos. Como ejemplo se tiene a Neoseiulus californicus y Phytoseiulus persimilis.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Ser&iacute;a deseable que estos &aacute;caros depredadores fueran capaces de controlar a todas las especies de Tetranychus, ya que la presencia de estas plagas en el campo es f&aacute;cil de detectar, pero nunca se realiza la identificaci&oacute;n de la especie responsable de los da&ntilde;os antes de aplicar medidas de control. Se han realizado estudios en laboratorio para evaluar la eficacia de estos depredadores sobre cada una de las ara&ntilde;as rojas. <\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Por ejemplo, los resultados obtenidos indican que ambas especies de fitoseidos son capaces de alimentarse e incrementar su abundancia de forma &oacute;ptima cuando consumen T. urticae, T. turkestani y T. ludeni.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Por otra parte, para el control del &aacute;caro blanco a nivel pr&aacute;ctico se encuentran disponibles en el mercado especies de Neoseiulus cucumeris que son aplicados principalmente en agricultura protegida. As&iacute; mismo, N. cucumeris es empleado sobre todo como agente de control biol&oacute;gico de moscas blancas y trips a nivel comercial. Sin embargo, falta mucho por aprender sobre el uso correcto de esta t&eacute;cnica de control biol&oacute;gico, para comprender su funcionamiento es necesario conocer qu&eacute; especies son viables usar en cada regi&oacute;n, mecanismos de liberaci&oacute;n masiva y cuidados dentro de un programa de manejo sanitario.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px\"><em>Fuentes:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px\"><em>Tello, M. J y Camacho, F. F. 2010. Organismos para el control de pat&oacute;genos en los cultivos protegidos. Fundaci&oacute;n Cajamar. Espa&ntilde;a. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Como parte de un programa de capacitaci&oacute;n en nuevas tecnolog&iacute;as, INTAGRI &nbsp;tiene preparado el <strong>5&deg; Diplomado Internacional en Horticultura Protegida <\/strong>donde se hablar&aacute;n aspectos relevantes sobre el Manejo Integrado de plagas en cultivos bajo invernadero y el &nbsp;uso de organismos ben&eacute;ficos para el control de plagas, puedes tomar &uacute;nicamente este m&oacute;dulo de estudio o bien capacitarte en todo el diplomado y obtener el T&iacute;tulo de Especialista en Cultivos Protegidos. (El Diplomado inicio el 9 de octubre de 2015 pero puedes ver las video grabaciones)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2014-10-26 22:11:34","updated":"2021-08-31 16:14:00","published":"2014-10-26 22:14:33","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Control biologico de acaros en horticultura protegida.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Generalmente los &aacute;caros son controlados por medios qu&iacute;micos, lo que representa costes significativos en t&eacute;rminos econ&oacute;micos y ecol&oacute;gicos y no siempre se garantiza la supresi&oacute;n de la plaga. Otra alternativa viable es el <strong>control biol&oacute;gico<\/strong> mediante liberaciones de &aacute;caros fitoseidos (depredadores de &aacute;caros tetraniquidos) que se distribuyen sobre las plantas, donde se alimentan de la ara&ntilde;a roja. Esta t&eacute;cnica de control se ha empleado desde hace d&eacute;cadas en otros pa&iacute;ses europeos y ha demostrado su eficiencia, especialmente en cultivos protegidos sobre plagas como el Tetranychus&nbsp; urticae.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/8Horticultura-Protegida\/art20-control-acaro\/micros.jpg\" style=\"height:338px; width:500px\" \/>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Los cultivos hort&iacute;colas se caracterizan por poseer una fauna rica y, en ocasiones, abundante de fitoseidos, algunos de ellos son comunes en cultivos al aire libre y abundan, tambi&eacute;n, en la vegetaci&oacute;n arvense encontr&aacute;ndose generalmente sobre plantas con colonias de ara&ntilde;a roja. Algunas especies, fundamentalmente nativas son las que se comercializan para su empleo en sueltas inoculativas en cultivos protegidos. Como ejemplo se tiene a Neoseiulus californicus y Phytoseiulus persimilis.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Ser&iacute;a deseable que estos &aacute;caros depredadores fueran capaces de controlar a todas las especies de Tetranychus, ya que la presencia de estas plagas en el campo es f&aacute;cil de detectar, pero nunca se realiza la identificaci&oacute;n de la especie responsable de los da&ntilde;os antes de aplicar medidas de control. Se han realizado estudios en laboratorio para evaluar la eficacia de estos depredadores sobre cada una de las ara&ntilde;as rojas. <\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Por ejemplo, los resultados obtenidos indican que ambas especies de fitoseidos son capaces de alimentarse e incrementar su abundancia de forma &oacute;ptima cuando consumen T. urticae, T. turkestani y T. ludeni.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Por otra parte, para el control del &aacute;caro blanco a nivel pr&aacute;ctico se encuentran disponibles en el mercado especies de Neoseiulus cucumeris que son aplicados principalmente en agricultura protegida. As&iacute; mismo, N. cucumeris es empleado sobre todo como agente de control biol&oacute;gico de moscas blancas y trips a nivel comercial. Sin embargo, falta mucho por aprender sobre el uso correcto de esta t&eacute;cnica de control biol&oacute;gico, para comprender su funcionamiento es necesario conocer qu&eacute; especies son viables usar en cada regi&oacute;n, mecanismos de liberaci&oacute;n masiva y cuidados dentro de un programa de manejo sanitario.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px\"><em>Fuentes:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px\"><em>Tello, M. J y Camacho, F. F. 2010. Organismos para el control de pat&oacute;genos en los cultivos protegidos. Fundaci&oacute;n Cajamar. Espa&ntilde;a. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:14px\">Como parte de un programa de capacitaci&oacute;n en nuevas tecnolog&iacute;as, INTAGRI &nbsp;tiene preparado el <strong>5&deg; Diplomado Internacional en Horticultura Protegida <\/strong>donde se hablar&aacute;n aspectos relevantes sobre el Manejo Integrado de plagas en cultivos bajo invernadero y el &nbsp;uso de organismos ben&eacute;ficos para el control de plagas, puedes tomar &uacute;nicamente este m&oacute;dulo de estudio o bien capacitarte en todo el diplomado y obtener el T&iacute;tulo de Especialista en Cultivos Protegidos. (El Diplomado inicio el 9 de octubre de 2015 pero puedes ver las video grabaciones)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2014-10-26 22:11:34","updated":"2021-08-31 16:14:00","published":"2014-10-26 22:14:33","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/fitosanidad"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"fitosanidad","article":"control-biologico-acaros-horticultura-protegida","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"fitosanidad","article":"control-biologico-acaros-horticultura-protegida","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}