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\r\n
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Introducción <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

La innovación y la adopción de modernas tecnologías son necesarias para incrementar la productividad de un cultivo. Como bien se sabe, los rendimientos de un cultivo de maíz en temporal o bajo riego por gravedad por lo general son de bajos a medios, además de que en el segundo caso, más de la mitad del agua se pierde por evaporación o percolación.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Ante la necesidad de implementar un manejo más eficiente del agua y de los fertilizantes en el cultivo de maíz, actualmente se está proponiendo el uso del sistema de riego por goteo debido a su mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua. Sin embargo, este sistema se ha usado muy poco en cultivos de grano, principalmente por temas de rentabilidad del sistema, experiencia en el manejo del mismo, entre otros. Por otro lado, el cultivo de maíz es muy sensible al déficit hídrico, especialmente en la etapa de floración, donde la falta de agua afecta seriamente en el llenado grano. Para evitar estas condiciones de estrés y aspirar a rendimientos élites en el cultivo, se hace necesario incursionar en sistemas más eficientes en el manejo del agua, tal es el caso de los sistemas de riego por goteo.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Figura 1. Riego por goteo, una alternativa para la producción de maíz de alto rendimiento. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Bahena y Tornero. 2007.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

El sistema de riego por goteo es hasta ahora uno de los más eficientes,  se logra gran uniformidad en el riego, evita la contaminación del suelo y los mantos freáticos, conserva el suelo, reduce la presencia de malezas, además eleva la producción y la calidad del cultivo.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

El uso del agua y el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

El riego rodado o por inundación tiene una eficiencia muy baja en el uso del agua, donde con “buen manejo” apenas se rebasa el 50 %, mientras que con el riego por goteo se tiene una mejor utilización del recurso alcanzando eficiencias que van del 90 al 95 %. Esto sin lugar a dudas se traduce en un ahorro muy significativo en la cantidad de agua aplicada, además, si se extrae de pozos profundos los costos de electricidad o combustible se reducen. Además, mediante este sistema se pueden inyectar otros insumos (fertilizantes, herbicidas, insecticidas, etc.), donde su eficiencia de uso también se mejora considerablemente, permitiendo emplear dosis más bajas y controladas e indirectamente los impactos al medio ambiente se ven reducidos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"Agua\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

En relación al estudio realizado por Bahena y Tornero (2007), en el estado de Morelos, también evaluaron rendimientos en los dos sistemas. Cabe destacar que para el caso del riego por goteo hicieron fertirrigación (Cuadro 2). Otros autores reportan que el riego por goteo en conjunto con la fertirrigación reducen la aplicación del agua entre un 35 a 55 % en el cultivo de maíz comparado con otros métodos de riego y aumentan los rendimientos notablemente hasta en un 50 %.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"rendimiento\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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 <\/div>\r\n\r\n
\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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                                                                                                                           Figura 2. Sistema de riego por goteo en la producción de maíz. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/br>\r\n<\/br>\r\n

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Conclusiones<\/strong> <\/p>\r\n\r\n

El riego por goteo combinado con la fertirrigación es una excelente alternativa que permite incrementar los rendimientos en maíz, además es técnica y económicamente factible para este cultivo, que sin duda ha sorprendido con potenciales de rendimiento cada vez más altos. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

La adopción de sistemas más eficientes como el riego por goteo, es necesaria para aumentar la productividad del cultivo, ya que la tendencia hoy en día es producir más kilogramos por cada litro de agua aplicado al cultivo.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Figura 3. Con el riego por goteo la presencia de malezas se reduce. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Los beneficios como el riego uniforme, menor incidencia de malezas, la aplicación de fertilizantes, herbicidas, entre otros, impactan de manera positiva para alcanzar los altos rendimientos, al aprovechar de mejor manera los recursos, minimizando los impactos negativos al medio ambiente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Fuentes consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \r\n\t
  • Bahena D., G.;  Mario A., T. C. 2007. La Tecnología de Microirrigación, una Alternativa para el Manejo Sustentable del Agua en la Producción de Maíz en el Estado de Morelos, México. Agricultura. Núm. 809.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  • Bahena D., G. et al<\/em>. 2009. Sustentabilidad del Agua en la Producción de Maíces Criollos en Xalostoc, Morelos, México. Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo. Vol. 6, Núm. 2.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-02-23 21:15:04","updated":"2019-04-23 19:27:07","published":"2016-02-23 22:25:02","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Como bien se sabe, los rendimientos de un cultivo de maíz en temporal o bajo riego por gravedad por lo general son de bajos a medios, además de que en el segundo caso, más de la mitad del agua se pierde por evaporación o percolación.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/9Cereales\/art214-cultivo-de-maiz-riego\/RIEGO%20POR%20GOTEO%20MAIZ-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":9,"related":",7,","keywords":"introduccion,cultivo,maiz,riego,goteo","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Cereales\/18. Cultivo de maiz en riego por goteo.pdf","text":"
    \r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n
    \r\n

    Introducción <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    La innovación y la adopción de modernas tecnologías son necesarias para incrementar la productividad de un cultivo. Como bien se sabe, los rendimientos de un cultivo de maíz en temporal o bajo riego por gravedad por lo general son de bajos a medios, además de que en el segundo caso, más de la mitad del agua se pierde por evaporación o percolación.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Ante la necesidad de implementar un manejo más eficiente del agua y de los fertilizantes en el cultivo de maíz, actualmente se está proponiendo el uso del sistema de riego por goteo debido a su mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua. Sin embargo, este sistema se ha usado muy poco en cultivos de grano, principalmente por temas de rentabilidad del sistema, experiencia en el manejo del mismo, entre otros. Por otro lado, el cultivo de maíz es muy sensible al déficit hídrico, especialmente en la etapa de floración, donde la falta de agua afecta seriamente en el llenado grano. Para evitar estas condiciones de estrés y aspirar a rendimientos élites en el cultivo, se hace necesario incursionar en sistemas más eficientes en el manejo del agua, tal es el caso de los sistemas de riego por goteo.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

    \"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
    \r\n\t\t\t

    Figura 1. Riego por goteo, una alternativa para la producción de maíz de alto rendimiento. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

    Foto: Bahena y Tornero. 2007.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    El sistema de riego por goteo es hasta ahora uno de los más eficientes,  se logra gran uniformidad en el riego, evita la contaminación del suelo y los mantos freáticos, conserva el suelo, reduce la presencia de malezas, además eleva la producción y la calidad del cultivo.  <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    El uso del agua y el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    El riego rodado o por inundación tiene una eficiencia muy baja en el uso del agua, donde con “buen manejo” apenas se rebasa el 50 %, mientras que con el riego por goteo se tiene una mejor utilización del recurso alcanzando eficiencias que van del 90 al 95 %. Esto sin lugar a dudas se traduce en un ahorro muy significativo en la cantidad de agua aplicada, además, si se extrae de pozos profundos los costos de electricidad o combustible se reducen. Además, mediante este sistema se pueden inyectar otros insumos (fertilizantes, herbicidas, insecticidas, etc.), donde su eficiencia de uso también se mejora considerablemente, permitiendo emplear dosis más bajas y controladas e indirectamente los impactos al medio ambiente se ven reducidos.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \"Agua\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    En relación al estudio realizado por Bahena y Tornero (2007), en el estado de Morelos, también evaluaron rendimientos en los dos sistemas. Cabe destacar que para el caso del riego por goteo hicieron fertirrigación (Cuadro 2). Otros autores reportan que el riego por goteo en conjunto con la fertirrigación reducen la aplicación del agua entre un 35 a 55 % en el cultivo de maíz comparado con otros métodos de riego y aumentan los rendimientos notablemente hasta en un 50 %.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \"rendimiento\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \r\n
     <\/div>\r\n\r\n
    \"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
    \r\n\t\t\t

                                                                                                                               Figura 2. Sistema de riego por goteo en la producción de maíz. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/br>\r\n<\/br>\r\n

    \r\n
    \r\n \r\n\r\n

    Conclusiones<\/strong> <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    El riego por goteo combinado con la fertirrigación es una excelente alternativa que permite incrementar los rendimientos en maíz, además es técnica y económicamente factible para este cultivo, que sin duda ha sorprendido con potenciales de rendimiento cada vez más altos. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    La adopción de sistemas más eficientes como el riego por goteo, es necesaria para aumentar la productividad del cultivo, ya que la tendencia hoy en día es producir más kilogramos por cada litro de agua aplicado al cultivo.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

    \"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
    \r\n\t\t\t

    Figura 3. Con el riego por goteo la presencia de malezas se reduce. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

    Los beneficios como el riego uniforme, menor incidencia de malezas, la aplicación de fertilizantes, herbicidas, entre otros, impactan de manera positiva para alcanzar los altos rendimientos, al aprovechar de mejor manera los recursos, minimizando los impactos negativos al medio ambiente.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Fuentes consultadas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

      \r\n\t
    • Bahena D., G.;  Mario A., T. C. 2007. La Tecnología de Microirrigación, una Alternativa para el Manejo Sustentable del Agua en la Producción de Maíz en el Estado de Morelos, México. Agricultura. Núm. 809.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
    • Bahena D., G. et al<\/em>. 2009. Sustentabilidad del Agua en la Producción de Maíces Criollos en Xalostoc, Morelos, México. Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo. Vol. 6, Núm. 2.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-02-23 21:15:04","updated":"2019-04-23 19:27:07","published":"2016-02-23 22:25:02","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/cereales"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"cereales","article":"introduccion-al-cultivo-de-maiz-en-riego-por-goteo","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"cereales","article":"introduccion-al-cultivo-de-maiz-en-riego-por-goteo","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}