{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":236,"views":45601,"title":"Importancia de la Calibración de Sembradoras","fb_title":"","link":"importancia-de-la-calibracion-de-sembradoras","desc":"La calibración de las sembradoras resulta esencial, cuyo propósito es ajustar los distintos engranes o componentes de la sembradora de tal forma que permita depositar las semillas a una distancia y profundidad deseada, buscando otorgar las condiciones más adecuadas de humedad y temperatura para obtener una emergencia uniforme que permita la mínima competencia entre las plantas y el buen desarrollo del cultivo.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/9Cereales\/art247-importancia-de-calibracion\/Calibracion-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":9,"related":"","keywords":"importancia,calibracion,sembradoras","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Cereales\/24. Importancia de la Calibracion de Sembradoras.pdf","text":"
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La práctica de la siembra una vez realizada no se puede revertir, por lo tanto, debe ser efectuada con alta precisión, de lo contrario se puede tirar más semilla de la recomendada, tener una distribución inadecuada de las semillas, y una mala uniformidad en la profundidad de siembra. Estas situaciones tienen grandes implicaciones en el cultivo como: bajo porcentaje de germinación y nacencia, competencia entre plantas, poco vigor de las plantas, etc. <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Por lo anterior la calibración de las sembradoras resulta esencial, cuyo propósito es ajustar los distintos engranes o componentes de la sembradora de tal forma que permita depositar las semillas a una distancia y profundidad deseada, buscando otorgar las condiciones más adecuadas de humedad y temperatura para obtener una emergencia uniforme que permita la mínima competencia entre las plantas y el buen desarrollo del cultivo. La calibración de la sembradora no solo implica emplear adecuadamente la semilla sino también el uso racional de fertilizantes o insecticidas granulados, los cuales en muchas de las ocasiones son aplicados en las mismas sembradoras en compartimentos diferentes al de la semilla, permitiendo aplicar dosis homogéneas.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 1. Sembradora para granos pequeños. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Nuestro Agro. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Debido a que la semilla presenta variaciones en calibre y peso entre las variedades, la calibración implica seleccionar la velocidad de giro de los dosificadores mediante el ajuste de los engranes de la maquinaria que garanticen depositar el número de semillas que se desea, independientemente del tipo de sembradora que sea, las cuales tienen sus particularidades.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Las densidades de siembra de granos pequeños (cebada, trigo, avena, entre otras) se determinan en base a peso de semilla por hectárea, por lo cual la calibración de las sembradoras para estos granos se hace mediante la recolección de semilla que tira la maquina a una distancia determinada, la cual generalmente es de 50 metros, para después calcular si se está depositando la cantidad deseada o se debe realizar algún ajuste.  En este tipo de granos se emplean sembradoras de voleo y a chorrillo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

En el caso de la calibración de sembradoras para grano grande (maíz, sorgo y frijol), esta se hace mediante el conteo de semillas en una distancia determinada que permita calcular el número de semillas por hectárea, calculo que se realiza al conocer la cantidad de semillas depositadas por metro lineal. Las sembradoras empleadas para depositar granos grandes son llamadas de precisión.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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La calibración del dosificador del fertilizante sigue la misma metodología que las sembradoras de grano pequeño, puesto que estos se aplican en base a una cantidad de peso por hectárea. El tiempo para calibrar es altamente variable, relacionado directamente con la complejidad de sus componentes, pero se pude decir que es el mejor tiempo invertido en el ciclo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Después de la calibración es importante estar revisando que la semilla se esté depositando adecuadamente mediante muestreos a lo largo de los surcos, escarbando hasta encontrar la semillas en tramos de aproximadamente un metro. Al momento de detectar alguna falla se debe detener el tractor y hacer los ajustes pertinentes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Factores que afectan la eficiencia de la siembra <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Residuos en la superficie.<\/em> Pueden ser residuos del cultivo anterior o  abonos orgánicos poco preparados que dificultan el trabajo de la sembradora, ocasionando que en algunos espacios no se deposite o se exceda la cantidad de semilla.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 2. Calibración de la sembradora. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: AGRODESA. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Calibre de semillas.<\/em> Muchas veces el tamaño de la semilla es poco uniforme, lo que trae como consecuencia que se deposite una mayor o menor cantidad de semillas a la deseada. <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Velocidad de trabajo.<\/em> Es importante tomar en cuenta este factor, el cual depende en gran medida de las habilidades del operador. La velocidad de siembra será aquella utilizada durante la calibración que permita distribuir uniformemente a las semillas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Componentes de la sembradora.<\/em> Existen distintos componentes que afectan la forma adecuada de siembra como: el dosificador, la bajada de la semilla, los monitores de siembra, las cuchillas labradoras, los abresurcos, los sistemas de control de la profundidad, los equipos de fertilización, los barre rastrojos, los aprieta granos y las ruedas tapadoras. El número de componentes dependerán del tipo de sembradora que se emplee.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Fuentes consultadas <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT). s.f. Calibración de Maquinaria para Semilla y Fertilizante. SAGARPA-CIMMYT. México. 9 p.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Unisem. Calibración de la sembradora. Consultado el 3 de Mayo de 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-05-05 20:11:54","updated":"2019-04-23 19:41:40","published":"2016-05-05 20:14:45","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Importancia de la Calibracion de Sembradoras.pdf","text":"

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La práctica de la siembra una vez realizada no se puede revertir, por lo tanto, debe ser efectuada con alta precisión, de lo contrario se puede tirar más semilla de la recomendada, tener una distribución inadecuada de las semillas, y una mala uniformidad en la profundidad de siembra. Estas situaciones tienen grandes implicaciones en el cultivo como: bajo porcentaje de germinación y nacencia, competencia entre plantas, poco vigor de las plantas, etc. <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Por lo anterior la calibración de las sembradoras resulta esencial, cuyo propósito es ajustar los distintos engranes o componentes de la sembradora de tal forma que permita depositar las semillas a una distancia y profundidad deseada, buscando otorgar las condiciones más adecuadas de humedad y temperatura para obtener una emergencia uniforme que permita la mínima competencia entre las plantas y el buen desarrollo del cultivo. La calibración de la sembradora no solo implica emplear adecuadamente la semilla sino también el uso racional de fertilizantes o insecticidas granulados, los cuales en muchas de las ocasiones son aplicados en las mismas sembradoras en compartimentos diferentes al de la semilla, permitiendo aplicar dosis homogéneas.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

\"\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t

Figura 1. Sembradora para granos pequeños. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: Nuestro Agro. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Debido a que la semilla presenta variaciones en calibre y peso entre las variedades, la calibración implica seleccionar la velocidad de giro de los dosificadores mediante el ajuste de los engranes de la maquinaria que garanticen depositar el número de semillas que se desea, independientemente del tipo de sembradora que sea, las cuales tienen sus particularidades.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Las densidades de siembra de granos pequeños (cebada, trigo, avena, entre otras) se determinan en base a peso de semilla por hectárea, por lo cual la calibración de las sembradoras para estos granos se hace mediante la recolección de semilla que tira la maquina a una distancia determinada, la cual generalmente es de 50 metros, para después calcular si se está depositando la cantidad deseada o se debe realizar algún ajuste.  En este tipo de granos se emplean sembradoras de voleo y a chorrillo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

En el caso de la calibración de sembradoras para grano grande (maíz, sorgo y frijol), esta se hace mediante el conteo de semillas en una distancia determinada que permita calcular el número de semillas por hectárea, calculo que se realiza al conocer la cantidad de semillas depositadas por metro lineal. Las sembradoras empleadas para depositar granos grandes son llamadas de precisión.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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La calibración del dosificador del fertilizante sigue la misma metodología que las sembradoras de grano pequeño, puesto que estos se aplican en base a una cantidad de peso por hectárea. El tiempo para calibrar es altamente variable, relacionado directamente con la complejidad de sus componentes, pero se pude decir que es el mejor tiempo invertido en el ciclo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Después de la calibración es importante estar revisando que la semilla se esté depositando adecuadamente mediante muestreos a lo largo de los surcos, escarbando hasta encontrar la semillas en tramos de aproximadamente un metro. Al momento de detectar alguna falla se debe detener el tractor y hacer los ajustes pertinentes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Factores que afectan la eficiencia de la siembra <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Residuos en la superficie.<\/em> Pueden ser residuos del cultivo anterior o  abonos orgánicos poco preparados que dificultan el trabajo de la sembradora, ocasionando que en algunos espacios no se deposite o se exceda la cantidad de semilla.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Figura 2. Calibración de la sembradora. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t

Foto: AGRODESA. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

Calibre de semillas.<\/em> Muchas veces el tamaño de la semilla es poco uniforme, lo que trae como consecuencia que se deposite una mayor o menor cantidad de semillas a la deseada. <\/p>\r\n\r\n

Velocidad de trabajo.<\/em> Es importante tomar en cuenta este factor, el cual depende en gran medida de las habilidades del operador. La velocidad de siembra será aquella utilizada durante la calibración que permita distribuir uniformemente a las semillas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Componentes de la sembradora.<\/em> Existen distintos componentes que afectan la forma adecuada de siembra como: el dosificador, la bajada de la semilla, los monitores de siembra, las cuchillas labradoras, los abresurcos, los sistemas de control de la profundidad, los equipos de fertilización, los barre rastrojos, los aprieta granos y las ruedas tapadoras. El número de componentes dependerán del tipo de sembradora que se emplee.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Fuentes consultadas <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT). s.f. Calibración de Maquinaria para Semilla y Fertilizante. SAGARPA-CIMMYT. México. 9 p.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

- Unisem. Calibración de la sembradora. Consultado el 3 de Mayo de 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-05-05 20:11:54","updated":"2019-04-23 19:41:40","published":"2016-05-05 20:14:45","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/cereales"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"cereales","article":"importancia-de-la-calibracion-de-sembradoras","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"cereales","article":"importancia-de-la-calibracion-de-sembradoras","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}